Bio- Animal Nutrition

Why do animals eat?

• energy balance is a form of homeostasis

• supplies nutrients that animals cannot synthesized on its own

Essential amino acids

an amino acid that cannot be synthesized by an organism’s cellcular biochemical pathways

synthesis

the process of creating complex compounds from simpler substances through a series of chemical reactions, often within a living organism

Dietary mineral

Chemical elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen required by cells

What do dietary mineral do?

• build skeletons

• bind oxygen

• essential for nerve function

vitamins

Essential organic molecules that are required in very small amounts in the diet

what are vitamins roles?

• enhance enzyme function

• antioxidants 

• chemical signals 

• there are 13 essential vitamins have been id for humans

What are examples  of Basic life processes 

• heartbeat 

• breathing 

• temperature regulations 

• maintaining ion gradients 

• digestion 

• ect 

How much energy is used for basic life processing?

70%

How much is energy used for physical activity?

30%

What happens when physical activity exceeds meals supply?

uses stored glycogen and fat

What type of metabolism do animals rely on? 

• aerobic metabolism

• anaerobic metabolism 

aerobic metabolism

also known as cellular respiration, is a process where cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy

anaerobic metabolism 

the cellular process of generating energy (ATP) without the presence of oxygen.

Fermentation

the processes in which the cell will undergo when oxygen is absent

Facultative anaerobes

organisms that can switch between cellular respiration and fermentation

• some cells behave like facultative anaerobes

Oxygen consumption during physical activity