A&P Lab Exam 1

RUQ Organs

Liver

Gallbladder

Stomach

Pancreas

Ascending/Transcending Colon

Jejunum

Duodenum

RUQ Rule Outs

#1 Gallstones

#2 Hepatitis B&C

#3 Pancreatitis

Signs would include jaundice

Questions to ask: do they smoke, do they drink, do they eat nitrogenous foods

LUQ Organs

Stomach

Spleen

Pancreas

Liver

Jejunum

Ascending/Transcending Colon

LUQ Rule Outs

#1 Ruptured Spleen

Common in a motor Vehicle Accidents

RLQ ONLY Organs

Appendix

Cecum

Ileocecal Valve

Ascending Colon

RLQ AND LLQ Rule Outs

#1 for Women - Ectopic Pregnancy

Females ages 11-55 pain in either lower quadrant

#1 for Men (#2 for women) - Appendicitis

LLQ ONLY Organs

Sigmoid

Descending Colon

RLQ AND LLQ Organs

Bladder

Ureters

Anus

Fallopian Tubes

Ovaries

Uterus

Testicles

Scrotum

Penis

Rectum

Ilium

Jejunum

Dorsal Cavity (posterior aspect)

The WHOLE backside of the body (head to ass)

Peritoneal Cavity

The “chamber” of the abdominal pelvic cavity

Cranial Cavity

Only referring to where the brain is housed, referring to the top ½ of skull (brackets from top of head to eyebrows)

Spinal Cavity (Vertebral Canal)

Houses the vertebrae, Directly in the middle of the back going up and down

Ventral Cavity (=coelom)

ENTIRE front of the body

Diaphragm

Separates the Abdominal Pelvic Cavity from the Thoracic Cavity

Thoracic Cavity

Everything above the diaphragm (chest area)

Pleural Cavity

Where the lungs are housed (2 of these) (in chest area)

Mediastinum

Middle of the thoracic cavity, between the lungs (houses the heart,thyroid, trachea, thymus, and esophagus)

Pericardial Cavity

Where the heart is housed

Abdominal Cavity

Below the diaphragm and before the reproductive organs

Pelvic Cavity

House the reproductive system, “in between” the pelvis

Parietal Pleural Membrane (=pleura)

Lining of the pleural cavity (membrane lining of where the lungs are housed)

Visceral Pleural Membrane

Lining of (on) the lung

Parietal Peritoneal Membrane (=peritoneum)

Membrane Lining of the Abdominal Pelvic Cavity

Parietal Pericardial Membrane (=pericardium)

Membrane layer of the pericardial cavity

Visceral peritoneal cavity

Lines any/all of the organs in the abdominal pelvic cavity

Coronal (=frontal)

Separates anterior (side with the face) from posterior (side with your ass)(can be equal or unequal parts)

Midsaggital (=median)

Separates into right and left EQUAL parts

Parasaggital

Separates into right and left UNEQUAL parts

Oblique

A cut that starts in one plan and ends in different plane (I.e. starts in the coronal and ends in the transverse)

Transverse (horizontal or cross section)

Separates the superior (half including your head) from the inferior (half including your feet)(can be equal or unequal parts)

Axillary

Armpits

Brachial

Arm (arrow points to bicep section usually)

Buccal

Cheek

Cervical

The neck area (think c spine)(the bracket is around the whole neck area)

Facial

Bracket of head (the bracket is located from the eyebrows to the chin)

Mental

Chin

Nasal

Nose

Oral

Mouth

Acromial (deltoid)

Shoulder (Arrow points to the very top and center of shoulder area-refer to picture)

Antebrachial

Forearm

Antecubital

FRONT of elbow (where IVs get placed)

Calcaneal

Heel of foot

Carpal

Wrist

Cephalic

WHOLE head (bracket includes the top of the head to the chin)

Crural

Shin (portion of leg under the kneecap on anterior half of the body)

Digital (=phalangeal)

Fingers (but not the thumb)

Femoral

Thigh (arrow points to the middle of the quad)

Gluteal

Buttox

Inguinal

Groin (points to hip area-refer to picture)

Hallux

Big toe

Lumbar

Lower back (lumbar spine - includes 5 vertebrae)

Mammary (pectoral)

Breast (boob area)

Manual

The WHOLE hand

Occipital

ONLY the back of the head

Ocular (optic, ophthalmic, orbital)

Eye (arrow points to orbital socket)

Olecranal (=cubital)

The elbow

Otic

Ear

Palmar

The palm of the hand

Patellar

Kneecaps

Pedal (pes)

The WHOLE foot

Pelvic

Pelvis area (directly above genitalia)

Plantar

The WHOLE bottom of the foot

Pollex

The thumb

Popliteal

BACK of the knee

Pubic

Points directly/very close to the genitalia

Sacral

Coccyx (only 1 vertebra - directly under lumbar spine)

Sternal

The sternum (pointing directly to the middle of the chest)

Sural

Calf (the back portion of the leg below the kneecap)

Tarsal

Ankle bones

Umbilical

Belly button

Thoracic spine

Middle of spine (12 vertebrae shown by bracket in middle of back)

Cell Membrane (where and what is it?)

Separates inside organelles from extra cellular materials

Cytosol (where and what is it?)

Liquid inside of a cell

Nucleus (where and what is it?)

Responsible for holding DNA, centrally located inside the cell

Nuclear membrane/envelope (where and what is it?)

Allows the DNA that belongs inside the cell to stay and the other stuff like waste to go

Nucleolus (where and what is it?)

Responsible for making Ribosomes (Ribosome synthesis)

Chromatin (where is it and what does it do?)

Loosely coiled DNA in cells not dividing (surrounds the nucleus)

Golgi Apparatus (where is it and what does it do?)

Flattened membrane in the cytosol

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (where is it and what does it do?)

“Smooth ER” has no ribosomes (responsible for detox)

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (where is it and what does it do?)

Rough ER HAS ribosomes (the ribosomes is what makes it “rough”)

Ribosomes (where is it and what does it do?)

Protein, responsible for protein synthesis

Mitochondrion (where is it and what does it do?)

Makes ATP (or energy) for cells and muscles

Centrosome (where is it and what does it do?)

Has 2 parts (2 paired centrioles) needed for mitosis

Vesicle (where is it and what does it do?)

Take the crap inside the cell do exocytosis (gets rid of waste)

Cilium (where is it and what does it do?)

Found in the trachea, main job is to get rid of stuff (long projection on the outside)

Flagellum

Found in male sperm ONLY

Microvillus (where is it and what does it do?)

“Finger like” projections for absorption

Microfilaments/microtubules (where is it and what does it do?)

Structural proteins for shape (little sticks on the inside of the cell)

Integral protein (where is it and what does it do?)

Within the membrane (through the entire cell)(communicate with inside and outside)

Peripheral Protein (where is it and what does it do?)

Bound to inner OR outer surface of membrane but CANNOT BE BOTH

What type of cell shape is this?

Squamous cell shape

What type of cell shape is this?

Cuboidal cell shape

What type of cell shape is this?

Columnar cell shape

What type of cell shape is this?

Goblet cell

What type of tissue is this? And briefly describe

Simple squamous epithelium - one layer of flat cells (not a lot of protection)found around heart and lungs. Function = reduce friction and allow permeability

What type of tissue is this? And briefly describe

Simple columnar, ciliated - one layer of rectangle shaped cells covered in cilia (lines stomach & intestines. Function = protection)

What type of tissue is this? And briefly describe

Simple cuboidal epithelium - one layer of cube shaped cells (found around the glands, ducts and kidneys)

What type of tissue is this? And briefly describe

Simple columnar, non ciliated - one layer of rectangle shaped cells NOT covered in cilia (just regular)(lines stomach & intestines. Function = protection)

What type of tissue is this? And briefly describe

Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium - NOT nice and neat, columnar with NOT nearly arranged nuclei (found in nasal cavity, trachea and lungs)

What type of tissue is this? And briefly describe

Stratified squamous epithelial - multiple layers of flat cells (provides protection) (found in surface of skin, lining of mouth and esophagus. Function = protection )