herps

Order Caudata

salamanders

Order Anura

frogs and toads

oviparous

lay eggs

Nasolabial groove

Costal grooves

Family Salamandridae

newts

newts have a _____ juvenile stage

red eft

Family Ambystomatidae

mole salamanders

Northern dusky salamander

TAIL: keeled*

Allegheny mountain dusky salamander

TAIL: rounded

Four‐toed salamander

Northern two‐lined salamander

Northern spring salamander

Eastern red‐backed salamander

Family Bufonidae

toads

Family Hylidae

tree frogs

Gray tree frog

American bullfrog

Green frog

Wood frog

Northern leopard frog

Pickerel frog

Mink frog

handling

- No bug dope, perfume, sunscreen, etc.
- Wet hands!
- Plastic bags – short term
- Critter keepers, tupperware, etc. – long term
- Moisture and ventilation

Order Testudines

turtles

Order Squamata

lizards and snakes

Carpace vs. plastron

Family Chelydridae

snapping turtles

Family Emydidae

pond and river turtles (Painted turtle)

Suborder Serpentes

snakes

Northern water snake

brown snake

Red‐bellied snake

2nd most abundant

Common garter snake

Viviparous

bringing forth live young that have developed inside the body of the parent

Eastern ribbon snake

Milk snake

Ring‐necked snake

Smooth green snake

Active techniques

• Hand capture
• Visual encounter surveys
• Dipnetting

TIME‐CONSTRAINED SEARCHES
• Visual encounter surveys;
dipnetting; cover object
searches
AREA‐CONSTRAINED SEARCHES
QUADRAT SAMPLING
TRANSECT SAMPLING

Pasive

• Pitfall arrays
• Artificial cover objects
• Leaf litter bags
• PVC pipe (tree frogs)
• Funnel traps

MARKING TECHNIQUES

• Toe clipping
• Scale clipping
• Scute notching