research methods 5/6

validity reliability and peer review

what is the definition of validity

whether the observed effect is genuine

what is internal validity

whether the observed effect was due to experimental manipulation or other factors like extraneous variables

give 3 examples of factors that can cause low internal vailidty

observer bias and demand characteristics

what is external validity

the level of representativeness a sample has affecting generalisibility

give two examples of external validity

ecological and temporal

what are the two ways we can assess vailidty

face validity and concurrent validity

what is face validity

whether a measure is measuring what it says it is

what is concurrent validity

whether an existing measure agrees with it

how can you improve validity

control EV randomisation single and double blinds

what is reliability

consistency in results

what is internal reliability

consistency within research

what is external reliability

consistency over time

how can you assess internal reliability

split-half method

what is the split half method

scores on both halves of a questionnaire should be the same

how can you assess external reliability

test retest method

what is the test retest method

repeat the same test with a time gap,similar results indicate reliability

how can you improve reliability with interviews and questionnaires

use structure interviews and closed questions

how can you improve reliability with experiments

standardised procedures and replicate studies