Processes and Functions of The Structural Changes of the Brain

Neurogenesis

The process of producing new nerve cells (neurons) that transmit information in the nervous system, crucial for cognitive functions like mood regulation and memory encoding.

Migration

The movement of newly formed neurons to their designated locations in the brain, facilitated by glial fibers that provide support and guidance.

Differentiation

The growth of connections between neurons, forming synapses that allow impulses to pass between nerve cells through neurotransmitters.

Pruning

The process of eliminating excess synapses and neurons formed during differentiation, occurring at a rapid rate until the end of puberty, leading to a reduction in the number of synapses in old age.

What are the four stages of brain structural changes?

What are the four stages of brain structural changes?

What are Glial Fibers?

Non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system that support and guide neurons during brain development

At what rate does synaptic pruning occur?

100,000 synapses per second

What are the effects of excessive pruning?

Linked to schizophrenia

What are the effects of insufficient pruning?

Linked to autism spectrum disorders

What does higher synaptic density in infants indicate?

Brain plasticity

Does more synaptic connections mean better cognitive abilities?

No

What was the focus of early brain studies?

Brain size

What did early post-mortem studies reveal about brain size?

Increases until around 9-10 years

What are the limitations of early post-mortem studies?

Could not observe dynamic brain changes

What do MRI and PET scans help study?

Brain structure and function

How do modern imaging techniques differ from early studies?

Provide real-time insights into brain activity

Why is understanding brain structure important for psychological development?

Shows how brain changes affect behavior

What role do experiences play in brain development?

Shape synaptic connections and cognitive abilities

How does brain structure change throughout life?

Through synaptic pruning and new synapse formation

What is the significance of the brain's plasticity early in life?

Allows adaptation and learning

What does the term 'synaptic density' refer to?

Number of synaptic connections in the brain

How does brain size relate to cognitive ability according to early studies?

No direct correlation

What is the main focus of structural changes in brain development?

Integration of new neurons and synapses

What structural changes occur in the brain during old age?

Continued synaptic pruning and cognitive shifts