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Structural isomer
Have same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms.
Geometric isomers
Must contain a double bond to prevent rotation. Each C in the double bond must have 2 different atoms/groups of atoms attached. Cis and Trans.
Trans
groups are on opposite sides.
Cis
Groups are on same side.
Alcohol to Haloalkane
PCl3, PCl5, or SOCl2. Subsitution.
Haloalkane to Amine
Conc NH3. Substitution.
HaloAlkane to Alcohol
KOH (aq) or NaOH (aq). Substitution.
Alkene to Diol
Mn04/H+ Oxidation.
Alkene to Haloalkane
HCl or HBr. Addition.
Alkene to dihaloalkane
Cl2 or Br2. Addition.
Alkane to Haloalkane
Cl2 or Br2. + UV light. Substitution
Monomer (alkene) to Polymer
High temp, High pressure, catalyst. Addition.
Haloalkane to Alkene
KOH (alc) + heat. Elimination.
Alkene to Alcohol
H20/H+. Addition
Alkene to Alkane.
H2 + Pt or Ni. Addition.
Alcohol to Carboxylic acid
Mno4/H+ or Cr2O7/H+ Oxidation.
Alcohol to Alkene
Conc H2SO4 + heat. Elimination