History exam 2

chapters 6,7,9,10,11

How many branches of the US government is there?

3 Branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial.

Which article of the constitution applies to the Legislative Branch? (Hint: LEJ)

Article 1

Which article of the constitution applies to the Executive Branch? (Hint: LEJ)

Article 2

Which article of the constitution applies to the Judicial Branch? (Hint: LEJ)

Article 3

Which Branch were the founders LEAST worried about?

The Judicial Branch

What Branch were the founders MOST worried about?

The Legislative Branch. (It holds the most power so there was fear of tyranny or abuse of power)

What major power/s does the Legislative Branch posses?

The power to tax, spend, regulate commerce, coin money, create laws, and check on the Executive and Judicial Branches.

What major power/s does the Executive Branch posses?

Appoint Supreme Court judges/ make appointments, the power to Convene Congress, the power to make treaties, the power to veto acts of congress, preside as Commander in Chief of the military.

What major power/s does the Judicial Branch posses?

The ability to Interpret the constitution/ law, Authority to examine the actions of the Legislative and Executive Branch, jurisdiction in cases between two or more state governments.

What major checks do the Branches have over each other?

Executive can Veto, Legislative can cut off funds of presidential programs, Judicial can do a judicial review to review the constitutionality of acts of Congress.

How many members are there of the House of Representatives?

435 voting members

How many members of Senate are there?

100 members, 2 from each state.

What are the Three models of Representation? (Hint: Delegate the Trust to Politics)

Delegate, Trustee, Politico

Louisiana v. Callais— What was the verdict and topic?

Restricting and Gerrymandering— the intentional restriction/ diminishing the voting power of a certain demographic or group

What is the Speaker of the House?

The head of the House of Representatives.

What is the Majority Leader?

Chief spokesperson of the larger political party. The Primary Voice.

What is the Minority Leader?

coordinate legislative strategy, negotiate with the majority party, and enforce party unity

What is the Minority whip?

top-ranking lawmaker who assists their party's minority leader in managing the caucus's legislative program.

What is the Majority Whip?

count votes on upcoming legislation, ensure party members are present for key votes, and enforce party discipline to ensure members vote in line with the party's priorities.

Who Breaks a Tie vote in the Senate?

The Vice President.

Who presides over the Senate?

The Vice president.

What is the President Pro Tempore?

The second highest ranking official in the Senate, third in line for president.

How does a Bill become a Law? (The MAJOR Steps)

Introduced in House/Senate

Referred to House/Senate

Reported by Full Committee

Referred to Committee on Rules

Full House/Senate Debates

Conference Committee

House/Senate Approval

Transmitted to President — Either Veto or Sign, etc.

What is a Filibuster?

Halting/ Stalling Senate action on a bill by means of long debate or speeches

How is Congress’ budget made?

the President submits a proposal, Congress sets a framework, and Congress passes funding bills.

What are “Pork” requests? (Hint: Local)

Requests for Funding from the Federal budget that goes to a highly specific local project or company.

What are “Programmatic” Requests? (Hint: Broad)

Requests for funding an established federal program, Broad, nationwide (Ex. 200 million dollars for the “Small Business Development Center Program”)

What are the Qualifications to Become President?

Natural Born US Citizen, 35 years or older, US resident for 14 years or more,

How long is a Presidential term?

Each term is 4 years,

What Amendment says that the President Can’t Be Elected to Presidency MORE THAN TWICE? (Hint: Twice= 2)

The 22nd Amendment.

What is the Emoluments Clause?

A clause that prevents the president from receiving “gifts” or favors from other nations/ national figures to prevent corruption.

What is the War Powers Resolution?

A law that checks the president's power to send the military to an armed conflict without congressional consent.

What is the Role of the Cabinet?

To serve as the principal advisory body to the president.

What is the Role of the First Lady?

hostess of the White House, uses platform to advocate for social causes, promote policy initiatives, and represent the administration.

What is the Role of the Vice President?

To preside over the Senate and break tie votes, all other powers are given by the president.

What is the Process of impeachment for the President?

First the House of Representatives investigates and votes to impeach the president by majority vote. Second, the Senate holds a trial, and a two-thirds majority vote is required to convict and remove the president from office.

How many votes does the President need to win the Election?

270 electoral votes

How are Electoral Votes, Per State, determined? (Hint: How do you get the Population of a State?)

Electoral votes are allocated among the States based on the Census.

The 1803 court case Marbury v. Madison was an example of what aspect of the Judicial Branch?

Judicial Review

What is Judicial Review?

to determine the constitutionality of acts of Congress, the executive branch, and the states.

How many Justices/ Judges are on the Supreme Court?

9 (P.S. congress can change this number)

How are Supreme Court Justices chosen?

The president nominates individuals, and then they are interviewed by the Senate, then the Senate does a majority vote.

How long is the Term of a Supreme Court Justice?

Judges hold their office under “Good Behavior”, and can serve for Life.

How many cases does the Supreme Court hear per year out of all of those filed?

out of 8,000 cases filed, the The Supreme Court only hears 80 per year, or 1%

What is Judicial Activism?

Judicial activism occurs when judges use their power to strike down laws or overturn what they see as injustice.

What is Judicial Restraint?

allow the decisions of other branches of government to stand, even when they offend a judge’s own principles.

What is Judicial Implementation?

Because courts lack their own police forces or the power to fund their decisions, they rely entirely on the executive branch to enforce rulings and the legislative branch to finance them and enforce their decisions.

Who is the Founding Father of Polling?

George Gallup.

What are the Four Major Steps in Conducting Polls?

defining the target population, selecting a representative, “random sample”, designing and preparing objective questions, and analyzing and reporting the results.

What is Random Sampling? (Hint: Randomly Pulling names out of a Hat)

randomly selecting individuals from an entire population, giving every member an equal chance of being chosen.

What is Stratified Sampling? (Hint: Randomly Pulling names out of a Hat, but everyone who’s name is in the hat is 20 years old)

divides the population into distinct subgroups (strata) based on shared traits (like age or income), then randomly selects individuals from each subgroup