Health, Fitness, Wellness Overview + Human Body & Planes (Module 1)

Flashcards covering health, fitness, wellness, training principles (FITT), nutrition, PE concepts, anatomical terminology, and planes/axes of motion based on the provided notes.

What is Health?

Complete physical, mental, and social well-being (not merely the absence of disease).

What is Fitness?

Ability to perform daily tasks with energy, enthusiasm, and without undue fatigue.

What is Wellness?

Holistic balance of physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being.

Name the Health-Related Fitness components.

Cardiorespiratory endurance; Muscular strength; Muscular endurance; Flexibility; Body composition.

Define Cardiorespiratory Endurance.

Heart and lungs supplying oxygen during sustained activity (e.g., running, swimming, cycling).

Define Muscular Strength.

Maximum force produced in one effort.

Define Muscular Endurance.

Ability to perform repeated contractions without fatigue.

Define Flexibility.

Range of motion in the joints.

Define Body Composition.

Ratio of fat to lean mass (muscle, bone, organs).

What are the four skill-related fitness components listed by mnemonic 'All Boys Can Play Really Smart'?

Agility, Balance, Coordination, Power.

Define Agility.

Ability to change direction quickly and accurately.

Define Balance.

Stability while stationary or moving.

Define Coordination.

Smooth use of body parts together.

Define Power.

Maximum force in a short time (explosive strength).

What does the mnemonic 'Some Old People Run In Races' refer to in training principles?

FITT universal training principles: Specificity, Overload, Progression, Individuality, Reversibility, Recovery.

What does Specificity mean?

Train what you want to improve.

What does Overload mean?

Push beyond your usual capacity.

What does Progression mean?

Increase training gradually.

What does Reversibility mean?

Use it or lose it.

What does Individuality mean?

Responses vary due to genetics, age, fitness.

What does Recovery mean?

Rest and sleep are essential.

What is the main idea of Proper Nutrition?

Nutrition provides nourishment essential for growth, maintenance, and disease prevention.

List the six general nutrient categories mentioned.

Carbohydrates; Proteins; Fats; Vitamins & Minerals; Water (and sometimes minerals are listed within vitamins & minerals).

What is the role of Carbohydrates?

Main energy source.

What is the role of Proteins?

Muscle repair and growth.

What is the role of Fats?

Backup energy and hormones.

What is the role of Vitamins & Minerals?

Body functions and metabolic processes.

What is the role of Water?

Hydration and temperature regulation.

Why is Proper Nutrition important?

Key to health, performance, and disease prevention.

What does 'Consistency > perfection' mean in health & fitness?

Staying active and balanced is more effective than chasing perfection.

What does PE stand for and what is its unique feature?

Physical Education; it combines knowledge with physical activity ('sit less, do more').

Name the major body regions listed in the notes.

Head & Neck; Front of Trunk; Back of Trunk; Arms; Legs.

What is Anatomical Position?

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward, feet together/toes forward.

What does the Midline do?

Divides the body into left and right.

Define Medial and Lateral.

Medial = toward midline; Lateral = away from midline.

Define Proximal and Distal.

Proximal = nearer to a point of attachment; Distal = farther from it.

Define Anterior and Posterior.

Anterior = front; Posterior = back.

Define Superior and Inferior.

Superior = toward the head; Inferior = away from the head.

Define Superficial and Deep.

Superficial = near the surface; Deep = internal.

What do Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar refer to?

Cervical = neck; Thoracic = chest; Lumbar = lower back.

Define Plantar, Dorsal, and Palmar.

Plantar = sole of foot; Dorsal = top of foot/hand; Palmar = palm of hand.

What is the Sagittal Plane responsible for?

Divides left and right; forward–backward movement.

What is the Frontal (Coronal) Plane responsible for?

Divides front and back; side-to-side movement.

What is the Transverse Plane responsible for?

Divides top and bottom; rotational movement.

What is the Longitudinal Axis?

Vertical axis through the body (head to toe).

Which axis runs anterior-posterior (front to back)?

Sagittal Axis.

Which axis runs medio-lateral (left to right)?

Transverse Axis.

Which plane involves flexion and extension movements?

Sagittal Plane.

Which plane involves abduction and adduction movements?

Frontal (Coronal) Plane.

Which plane involves rotation, pronation, and supination?

Transverse Plane.

What is circumduction?

Multiplanar movement forming a cone.

Name two ankle movements.

Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion (also Inversion and Eversion; Pronation and Supination).

What are common hip movements listed?

Adduction, Abduction, Internal Rotation, External Rotation.

What are knee movements?

Flexion and Extension.

What spine movements are listed?

Flexion, Extension, Rotation, Side Flexion.

What is an example of a movement in the Sagittal Plane?

Flexion/extension movements like leg cycling.

What is an example of a movement in the Frontal Plane?

Jumping jacks (abduction/adduction).

What is an example of a movement in the Transverse Plane?

Pirouette spin (rotation).