CSD 353 Articulatory System

To calculate the frequency of a sound, we could divide 1 by the duration of the period

True

A period of .0025 would be a lower frequency than a period of .025

False, would have a higher frequency

The number of cycles per second of a signal is referred to as

Frequency

The amplitude of an acoustic signal becomes more positive as...

Pressure increases (increase and decrease through a medium). Amplitude more positive, pressure will increase, area of compression

How is a waveform different than spectrogram?

Waveform: time over amplitude, periodic or aperiodic, amplitude is based on the height of peaks

Spectrogram: time over frequency, amplitude is shading of the sound

T/F fewer harmonics would be present when we lower the pitch of our voice?

False

What does the vocal fold transfer function represent?

Vocal tract filtering

Which muscle makes up the anterior faucial pillars?

Palatoglossus (bonus question)

Explain the acoustic features of a vowel produced at the source

Glottal spectrum (bunch of frequencies)

Source: before the filter, the vocal folds think of the glottal spectrum

-- fundamental frequency, harmonics produced from fundamental frequency (while # frequencies), gradual decrease in intensity in harmonics (as they increase)

-- the voice is periodic or nearly periodic (voicing-- acoustic feature)

-- ALL prior to the filtering

T/F vocal tract filtering the amplification and attenuation of the harmonics near the resonant frequency?

True; vocal tract will change it's shape, amplify certain harmonics

A complex aperiodic sound can be seen on a...

Spectrum AND a waveform! Spectrum (little lines)

Could we see complex aperiodic sound on a spectrogram?

YES!

When someone rounds their lips, the vocal tract lengthens and the resonant frequencies increase

False

vocal tract gets larger causes the resonant frequencies to lower

This changes according to the fundamental frequency...

Not vocal tract, vowels, formants

NONE OF THE ABOVE!! ;)

Filter is separate from the source

How will F1 and F2 change based on the vowel produced?

F2 increases with anterior part (advancement)

Decreases when going posteriorly: oral cavity

F1 decreases with high vowels and F1 increases with lower vowels: pharyngeal cavity

What does the 2nd formant best represent?

The volume of the oral cavity

Which vowel would have a second formant lower than the second formant of /i/?

/i/ taking up a lot of space in oral cavity, high F2 (anterior posterior portion), smallest room for that sound to resonant, all of the other vowels will have a higher F2

all of the above -- /I/, /u/, /ae/

* use knowledge about F2 and how it compares!*

Think about the vowel quadrilateral! High to lower, more posterior slightly