[02.06] Disasters and Health V2.1.pdf

Describe the impact of disasters on the health of individuals, families, and communities

What is one of the learning objectives related to the impact of disasters?

Discuss the basic principles on how to respond to disasters

What is another learning objective concerning disaster response?

Discuss the ways of mitigating the effects of disasters

What is the third learning objective regarding disaster effects?

To vicariously feel ourselves in the event and draw lessons from it

What is the point of imagining oneself in a disaster?

1972 Great Flood of Luzon

Which disaster did Dr. Dayrit experience as a first-year medical student in UP?

Collapse of Hyatt Terraces Hotel, Baguio City, due to a large earthquake

What significant event did Dr. Dayrit experience in 1990?

Eruption of Mt. Pinatubo

Which major volcanic disaster occurred in the Philippines in 1991?

Attack on the World Trade Center, New York City

Which man-made disaster from 2001 is mentioned as Dr. Dayrit's personal experience?

SARS Outbreak

Which outbreak in 2003 signaled the pandemic age?

COVID-19

Which recent pandemic highlighted the need to prepare for biologic disasters?

The Philippines is a disaster-prone country and one of the most susceptible to disasters

What is the general classification of the Philippines regarding disasters?

Located at the Pacific Ocean

What geographical feature makes the Philippines susceptible to typhoons?

Sits in the Pacific Ring of Fire

What geological feature makes the Philippines susceptible to volcanic eruptions?

Volcanic eruptions

What natural hazard are Taal Volcano, Mayon Volcano, and Mount Pinatubo examples of?

Flood risks

Besides typhoons and volcanic eruptions, what other natural hazard is the Philippines susceptible to?

Wiped out some of the towns in Pampanga and affected climate worldwide

What were some major impacts of the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo?

Ash fell on houses, causing rooftops to collapse and many people to die

What was a direct result of the ashfall from Mt. Pinatubo's eruption that led to casualties?

It covered the Clark Air Base, driving the Americans out

What significant impact did the ashfall from Mt. Pinatubo have on a military base?

A man-made disaster

How is the 2001 Attack on the World Trade Center classified?

It belongs to the same family as the virus that causes COVID-19

What is a notable characteristic of the SARS virus mentioned in the source?

2018 Landslide in Itogon, Benguet due to Typhoon Ompong

What specific disaster involved a landslide in September 2018?

100 deaths, 20 injured, 100 families displaced

What were the reported casualties of the Itogon, Benguet landslide in 2018?

The disaster response was chaotic with a need to rescue people buried under the landslide

How was the disaster response described during the Itogon, Benguet landslide?

An alive victim buried under the landslide waiting to be rescued

What perspective does Dr. Dayrit ask us to consider ourselves as in the Itogon landslide scenario?

A miner trying to retrieve people

What other role does Dr. Dayrit ask us to imagine ourselves in during the Itogon landslide?

A member of the medical team attending to the injured

What medical role are we asked to consider in a disaster scenario?

A member of the logistics team (i.e. food and water)

What support role are we asked to consider in a disaster scenario?

People have romantic ideas about disasters

What general observation is made about how people perceive disasters?

Sometimes people need other resources like body bags and people to cook food, not surgeries

What example is given to illustrate that perceived needs in disasters can be different from actual needs?

Provide aid that is useful, such as non-expired medicines

What is a key principle for providing aid in disaster response?

Medical Teams, Public Health Teams, Water Sanitation and Hygiene Teams (WASH), Nutrition in Emergencies Teams (NiE), Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services (MHPSS)

What are the five types of teams that comprise health response?

Nutrition in Emergencies Teams (NiE)

Which health response team is particularly for children?

Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services (MHPSS)

Which team provides support for ordinary people under severe stress during disasters?

Confusion on commands and orders

What was one observation regarding disaster response in the Cordillera Administrative Region?

Packed food was not child-friendly, and there were concerns about continuing breastfeeding for infants

What specific concern was raised about packed food during disaster response?

Hard-up in getting potable water

What challenge did WASH teams face during disaster response?

Shelters were not prepared with make-shift evacuation tents, and people evacuated in schools filled with chairs and desks

What issue was observed with shelter during disaster response?

Pina-dodrawing ang mga bata; next day, another organization comes in

What observation was made about mental health workers' activities during disaster response?

A very well-organized response that manages the event, victims, service providers, information system, and non-human resources

What kind of response is needed when thinking about disasters?

Management of the Event/Incident

What is the first category of management in a well-organized disaster response?

Incident Command System, Operations Center, Coordination, Early Warning Alert Response System

What are the components involved in the management of the event/incident?

Management of the Victims

What is the second category of management in a well-organized disaster response?

Mass casualty incident, Community/evacuation center, Surge hospital capacity, Package of services

What are the components involved in the management of victims?

Management of the Service Providers

What is the third category of management in a well-organized disaster response?

Teams for special events, Teams for emergency/disaster, Teams for foreign assignment, Management of volunteers (local/foreign)

What are the components involved in the management of service providers?

Management of Information System

What is the fourth category of management in a well-organized disaster response?

Date and information management, Knowledge management, Documentation

What are the components involved in the management of the information system?

Management of Non-Human Resources

What is the fifth category of management in a well-organized disaster response?

Logistics management, Financial management, Lifelines

What are the components involved in the management of non-human resources?

Typhoon Odette (Tropical Cyclone Rai)

What typhoon hit Siargao in December 2021?

December 12-22, 2021

When did Typhoon Odette occur?

Category 5 with highest wind speed of 260 km/hour

What was the category and highest wind speed of Typhoon Odette?

Siargao

Where did Typhoon Odette make its first unexpected landfall?

Southern Leyte

Where did Typhoon Odette make its second landfall?

Communication lines cut off for at least a week

What was a major infrastructure damage caused by Typhoon Odette regarding communication?

Electricity cut off for a month

What was the duration of the electricity outage caused by Typhoon Odette?

Roads not passable for 3 days

How long were roads impassable after Typhoon Odette?

60-80% of homes totally damaged

What percentage of homes were totally damaged by Typhoon Odette?

All government unit buildings, including evacuation centers and gyms, were damaged

What was the extent of damage to government buildings due to Typhoon Odette?

50-80% of resorts totally damaged, disrupting livelihood

What impact did Typhoon Odette have on resorts and livelihood?

28

How many deaths occurred within 24 hours due to Typhoon Odette?

Diarrhea outbreak in General Luna, resulting in 7 deaths

What public health issue arose in General Luna after Typhoon Odette?

All RHU facilities critically damaged except Dapa, Del Carmen

What was the impact of Typhoon Odette on Rural Health Unit (RHU) facilities?

Increased home deliveries due to non-functional birthing units

What change in delivery methods occurred due to Typhoon Odette's impact on health facilities?

COVID-19 vaccination temporarily stopped

What public health program was halted due to Typhoon Odette?

An average of 25 patients per day, with 80% needing suturing

What was the typical patient load and common injury treated after Typhoon Odette?

They themselves are victims, leading to a double burden

What unique challenge did healthcare providers and government officials face during Typhoon Odette?

Water sources contaminated by improper septic tanks

What was the main issue affecting water safety after Typhoon Odette?

Dependent on bottled water

What became the primary source of drinking water after Typhoon Odette?

Island of “basura ug barungbarung” (garbage and shanties)

How was the sanitation condition described after Typhoon Odette?

Dependent on processed/canned food for months

What was the main food source for people after Typhoon Odette?

11-15% increase in malnutrition cases

What was the reported increase in malnutrition cases after Typhoon Odette?

First cases of malnourished pregnant women

What specific nutrition-related issue was observed for the first time after Typhoon Odette?

Increased cases of stress disorders and hidden psychiatric patients surfaced

What mental health impacts were observed after Typhoon Odette?

One attempted suicide case by a former resort employee

What was the only suicide-related case identified after Typhoon Odette?

Severely damaged copra industry

What major industry in Siargao was severely affected by Typhoon Odette?

Unemployment for resort workers

What was a direct livelihood impact for people working in tourism after Typhoon Odette?

Damaged small-scale industries

What other type of industries was affected by Typhoon Odette?

Fishermen whose boats got damaged and they could not fish

What specific livelihood group was heavily impacted by Typhoon Odette, and why?

Boats were donated by private corporations

How were the affected fishermen eventually helped to resume their livelihood?

Susceptibility and lack of coping and adaptive mechanisms

What were the key lessons learned according to Dr. Arlene Sebastian, RHU Physician, regarding Typhoon Odette?

Many of the people who are poor are very vulnerable during disasters

What general conclusion is drawn about the poor during disasters?

Less access to healthcare, fewer medical practitioners, mental health programs, and healthcare facilities, leading to less preventive care and longer response times

Why do people in rural areas generally have less access to healthcare during disasters?

Magna Carta on Health not fully implemented, meager budget barely covers commodities and preventive health, politically-driven white elephant health facilities, political partisanship in service delivery

What are some pre-disaster conditions mentioned that hamper disaster preparedness?

Hampers your preparations for dealing with disasters

What is the consequence of pre-disaster conditions like underpaid health workers and under-budgeting?

Hazard

What is a natural or human-made event that threatens to adversely affect human life, property, or activity to the extent of causing a disaster?

Typhoons, earthquakes

What are two examples of hazards?

Exposure

What is the state of being put into a situation in which something harmful or dangerous might affect you?

Vulnerability

What is the predisposition to suffer damage due to external events?

Risk

What is the possibility that something bad or unpleasant will happen?

Hazard + Vulnerability + Exposure

What is the approximate equation for Risk?

Risk Reduction ≈ ↓Hazard + ↓Vulnerability + ↓Exposure

What is the approximate equation for Risk Reduction?

Reduce exposure (e.g., leave, evacuate, hide)

What is one way to reduce risk that is possible even in natural disasters?

Reduce vulnerability (complex/hard to do)

What is another way to reduce risk that is considered complex?

It would not be called a disaster

If a hazard occurred in a forest where no one lived, what would it not be called?

An occurrence disrupting the normal conditions of existence and causing a level of suffering that exceeds the capacity of adjustment of the affected community

What is the definition of a disaster?

When hazards and vulnerability meet

When does a disaster occur?

Susceptibility + lack of coping capacities + lack of adaptive capacities

What three components make up vulnerability?

Susceptibility

What is "the state of being susceptible" or "easily affected," related to spatial aspects of a hazard?

The tendency of an area to undergo the effects of a certain hazardous process

In natural hazards terms, what does susceptibility refer to?