Chapter 3- Health Bhvr - Part 2

Social cognition models: Continuum theory (RMBB)

1. HBM

2. PMT

3. TRA

4. TPB

Factors influencing health practices

Perceived health threat

Perceived threat reduction

(thus increasing both makes for instillation of effective health habits)

Basics of HBM

Demographic Variables affect the likelihood of behaviour

Critiques of HBM

no role for : emotions 
: Social contexts
: past behaviour
: self efficacy

Basics of PMT (frsss)

Severity, susceptibility, responsive effectiveness, self efficacy and fear affect behaviour

Evaluating PMT

Added emotion of fear
No role for: social context
: past bhvr

Basics of TRA

Belief about and evaluation of these outcomes + beliefs about important others’ attitude towards bhvr and motivation to comply with imp others affect bhvr

Evaluating TRA

Added social context

No role for: emotions
: past bhvr

Basics of TPB

TRB+ internal and external control factors influence bhvr

Evaluating TPB

ADDS: perceived control
: social context
: past bhvr

No role for emotions

Cant predict risky bhvr

Assume that bhvr change is guided by conc motivation

Ignore the fact that bhvr change can be automatic, and unaware

Attitude change interventions may only provide info but not motivation to act

Pros of continuum theories of bhvr

• produced substantial amts of research to help understand these theories

• identify beliefs that shud motivate anyone to change bhvrs

  • all models are better than chance at predicting bhvr.

Cons of continuum theories of health bhvr

• Some theories are better predicting intentions than bhvrs

• Relies heavily on self reports

  • Leaves out imp factors like self identity and emotions.

Intention- bhvr gap

40-50% variance in intentions
19-38% of actual bhvr

• Ppl tend to want to behave in a certain way but do not always follow through.

• Bhvrl willingness- the motivation for a person to engage in a risky bhvr at a certain moment

• Teens are more prone to bhvrl willingness

• Implementation intentions can help ppl meet their intentions

Evaluating the intention bhvr gap

ADDS- past bhvr
- habits

BRIDGING GAPS- implementation intentions
- the what and when of a bhvr (I will have a healthy lunch tmr at 12:30)

Implementation Intentions

• Making simple plans that links critical situations or environmental cues to goal directed responses

• Adding these intentions to attitude models has improved their ability to predict bhvr

(eventually becomes automatic)

CBT

uses complementary methods to intervene in the modification of a target problem and its context. (can be implemented individually or in a group)

Self monitoring

understanding the dimensions of ones poor health habits before change can begin

• Assess the frequency of a target bhvr and its precursors and consequences

• stages- learning to discriminate the target bhvr
  - charting bhvr- helps in identifying the discriminative stimulus

Stimulus-control interventions

• ridding the evrmnt- discriminative bhvr- evoke problem bhvr

  • creating new discriminative stimuli- signal new response- will be reinforced.

Thought Record

• ppls cognitions about their health habits are imp in producing bhvr change

• CBT emphasizes self control where ppl learn to control the antecedents and consequences of the target bhvr

• Cognitive restructuring- trains ppl to recognize and modify internal monologues to promote health bhvr change

Self reinforcement

Rewarding oneself to increase or decrease the occurrence of a target behavior

Self punishment

The administration of an unpleasant stimulus to punish an undesirable behavior

• Contingency contracting: form of self punishment that is effective in bhvr modification

Behavioral assignments

Home practice activities that support the goals of a therapeutic intervention

Advantages of bhvrl assignment

• client is involved in treatment

• client produces useful analysis in planning interventions

• client becomes committed to the treatment

• responsibility for bhvr is slowly shifted to the client

• homework assignments increase the clients sense of self control

Modelling

learning that occurs from witnessing another person perform a bhvr

Social skills training or assertiveness training

ppl are trained in methods that help them deal effectively with social anxiety.

Relaxation training

involves deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation

Advantages of CBT

• carefully selected set of techniques can deal with all aspects of a problem

• therapeutic plan can be tailored to indivindual’s problem

• skills imparted by multimodal interventions help modify several health habits simultaneously