Gravitational Fields, Electrostatics, and Electric Circuits

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, Gravitational Fields, Coulomb's Law, Electric Fields, Ohm's Law, and Power and Energy.

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation states that every particle with mass in the universe attracts every other particle with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the __________.

square of the distance between their centres

The gravitational force the Earth exerts on any object on or near its surface is defined as __________.

weight

A region in space where a mass will experience a force is described as a __________.

gravitational field

Gravitational field is defined as the force acting per __________.

unit mass

The unit of weight is the newton ($\text{N}$), while the unit of mass is the __________.

kilogram ($\text{kg}$)

Coulomb's law states that two point charges exert forces on each other that are directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the __________.

square of the distance between the charges

The force between point charges in free space or air is represented mathematically by $F = {}$__________.

$$\frac{k q_1 q_2}{r^2}$$

An electric field is defined as a region of space in which an electric charge experiences a __________.

force

The direction of the electric field at a point is the direction that a __________ test charge would move if placed at that point.

positive

The electric field at a point is defined as the force per __________.

unit positive charge

By convention in the electric field equation $E = \frac{k Q}{r^2}$, the symbol $Q$ represents the charge responsible for the electric field, while $q$ represents the charge __________ the electric field.

experiencing

Potential difference is defined as the work done per __________.

unit positive charge

Current is defined as the rate of flow of __________.

charge

Ohm's Law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the conductor at __________.

constant temperature

Resistance is defined as a material's opposition to the flow of __________.

electric charge

The unit of resistance is the __________.

ohm ($\Omega$)

The effective resistance $R_p$ for resistors in parallel is calculated using the equation __________.

$$\frac{1}{R_p} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \dots$$

Electrical energy is measured in __________.

joules ($\text{J}$)

Electrical power dissipated in a device is equal to the product of the potential difference across the device and the __________ flowing through it.

current

The kilowatt hour ($\text{kWh}$) is a unit of energy, where $1\,\text{kWh}$ is the amount of energy used when $1\,\text{kilowatt}$ of electricity is used for __________.

$$1\,\text{hour}$$