Chapter 1: Basic Energy Concepts and X-Ray Production

Flashcards covering basic energy concepts, x-ray tube components, types of anodes, power supply, collimation, and record-keeping procedures as described in the lecture notes.

X-rays are a form of __________ produced from electrical energy.

electromagnetic energy

The __________ includes all forms of electromagnetic radiation, both visible and invisible, ordered from lowest to highest energy.

electromagnetic spectrum

Electromagnetic radiation is measured in energy using the unit __________.

$$\text{electron-volts (eV)}$$

The number of waveforms passing a point per second is the __________ and is measured in $\text{Hertz (Hz)}$.

frequency

As wavelength __________, the energy of the radiation increases.

decreases

The shorter the wavelength, the greater the ability to __________.

penetrate tissues

X-rays have longer wavelengths than gamma rays but shorter wavelengths than __________.

visible light and ultraviolet light

In an x-ray tube, electrons are produced at the negative side called the __________.

cathode

During x-ray production, when electrons strike the target on the anode, __________ of the energy becomes heat.

$$99\%$$

The __________ consists of the useful x-rays directed toward the patient to create the radiographic image.

primary beam

To improve safety and absorb unwanted x-rays, the x-ray tube is enclosed in __________.

lead housing

The purpose of the oil surrounding the glass enclosure in the x-ray tube is to __________.

dissipate heat

If oil is found leaking from the x-ray tube housing, the technician must __________.

notify a supervisor immediately

__________ anodes are commonly found in portable large-animal radiography units.

Stationary

A __________ anode uses a disk-shaped target that spins to distribute heat over a larger surface area.

rotating

The __________ is located beneath the tabletop and holds film cassettes or image receptors.

Bucky tray

The __________ transformer raises the voltage entering the machine, for example from $220\,\text{volts}$ to $125,000\,\text{volts}$.

step-up

Devices that convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) for the cathode are called __________.

rectifiers

A __________ is a device located below the x-ray tube that limits and shapes the x-ray beam.

collimator

The term __________ refers to reducing the size of the x-ray field by increasing collimation.

coning down

In CT units, the __________ collimator determines the thickness of the CT slice.

post-patient

Because radiographs are part of a patient's __________ medical record, proper organization is essential.

permanent

A __________ consists of multiple radiographs of the same body part, all stored together.

radiographic series

Information required in a __________ includes the date, kVp setting, mAs setting, and technician initials.

radiology log

The __________ transformer reduces voltage according to the selected mA setting on the control panel.

step-down