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cycads

• are vascular, seed plants that are palm - like and are called Sago Palms . The leaves are found in a cluster at the tops of the trunks .

• more than 300 million years now

• the great importance of this taxon lies heavily on its contribution in understanding the evolution of seeds presence of nitrogen fixing bacteria in its roots

  
  

Manoxylic woods

large pith, wide cortex, spongy wood with lots of parenchyma, fewer tracheid’s

CYCADS



• fern-like leaves-pinnate (use fern terminology) - petiole, rachis, pinnae

• Thick stems with armor of bracts & leaf bases

• Coralloid roots

• what is the family of cycas?

• what is the family of strangeria?

• what is the familt of zamia?

cycadaceae

strangeriaceae

zamiaceae

what is the 3 extant families of cycads

• strangeriaceae

• zamiaceae

• cycadaceae

is the smallest family of cycads

strageriaceae

strangeriaceae contain the genus of

strangeria

bowenia

Fernlike leaves bearing pinnae with a prominent midrib and numerous dichotomously branching lateral veins; simple cones; female cones with biovulate megasporophylls; includes only Stangeria paradoxa, a southern African

strageriaceae

zamiaceae

a family of cycads that are superficially palm or fern-like.

Singly pinnate compound leaves, bearing leaflets with parallel, dichotomously branching veins ;simple cones; female cones with biovulate

Zamiaceae

is the type genus and the only genus recognised in the family Cycadaceae. About 113 species are accepted

cycadaceae

The best-known Cycas species is

cycas revoluta

what is this part?

THE LIVING FOSSIL

GINKGO

DETERMINE EACH PHOTOS

DETERMINE WHICH IS FEMALE AND MALE SHOOT?

Appearance of G. biloba ripened fleshy seed coat;

Fleshy outer layer of ripened seed of Ginkgo tre

enumerate the division of coniferophyta

• pinus

• araucaria

• podocarpus

• phyllocladus

• agathis

• most common at the higher latitudes, towards the poles.

• About 50 genera and 550 species

conifers

• Monoecious

• Spirally arranged, needle-like leaves (1-2 vascular bundles enclosed within a common sheet

• Winged pollen grains •Female cone (spirally arranged ovuliferous scales)

Coniferophyta

Pinus lambertiana cones and needle fascicles

• present in the main trunk

• develop in axils of scaly leave

• shorten to the tip giving pyramidal appearance

• apical branch grow indefinitely

LONG SHOOT

• do not have apical buds

• also known as brachy blast

• develop in axils of scaly leaves and foliage leaves

• shed every two or three years leaving scars on stems

DWARF SHOOT

2 kinds of branches of leaves of pinus

• scale leaves

• foliage leaves

• short lateral branches on which the leaves arise

• grow in the axils of scale leaves of the long shoots

spur shoot

phyllocladus

agathis

is an evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 8–30 ft (2.4–9 m) high. The green leaves are deeply lobed, up to 1 in (2.5 cm) long, although they can be longer. Red male strobili (cones) in bundles, summer.

Phyllocladus aspleniifolius var alpinus is found in subalpine forests in North and South Islands, New Zealand. The leaves are cladodes, flattened stems. Hardy in the UK

is one of the few species of conifers that can grow in the humid tropics. In the Philippines, Almaciga grows in almost all mountainous forests, but most particularly in Quezon, Zambales, Palawan, Cagayan, Abra, Kalinga Apayao, Nueva Vizcaya, Samar, Zamboanga and Davao. Almaciga, which can grow up to sixty meters tall with a trunk of three meters wide, produces valuable resin that can be used as a source of income for the many rural people in the Philippines

agathis philippinensis

is a division of plants grouped in the gymnosperms (i.e. conifers, cycads, and ginkgos) that consists of some 70 species

gnetophyta

welwitsia mirabilis

ephedra fragilis

gnetum gnemum

gnetum gnemum seeds

• gentum gnemum male strobilii (up)

• gnetum gnemum female strobilus (down)

dicotyledons

monocotyledons

monocot and dicot

• basal angiosperm

• magnoliids

• monocots

• eudicots

• order: amborellales

• family: amborellaceae

• ORDER: nymphaeles

• FAMILY: nympaeceae

• evergreen trees or shrubs having aromatic oil cells

• with glabrous, spiral, pellucid- punctate, exstipulate leaves,

• the flowers with numerous, spiral tepals

austrobaileyales illiciaceae

• perennial herbs or evergreen shrubs.

• with jointed stems, opposite, simple leaves,

• small, inconspicuous flowers in slender, terminal spikes

chloranthaceae

• monoecious species, with hermaphrodite flowers, greenish white

• white to yellow are glabrous or downy and pale to yellowish brown. 

• The perianth is glabrous or puberulent outside and densely pubescent inside.

• The purplish-black fruit is an ovate, ellipsoidal or subglobose drupe.

cinnamomum spp.

• Leathery evergreen ovate to elliptic leaves (to 10” long) are glossy dark green above and variable pale green to gray-brown beneath.

• Fragrant white flowers (to 8-12” diameter) usually have six petals.

• Flowers bloom in late spring, with sparse continued flowering throughout the summer.

• family of : magnoliaceae

• scientific name: magnolia grandiflora

12 families of monocots

• araceae

• arecaceae

• agavaraceae

• dioscoreaceae

• iridaceae

• liliaceae

• musaceae

• pandanaceae

• poaceae

• commensalinaceae

• orchidacea

• zingeberaceae

shrubs, tree-like, or vines, palms have two methods of growth: solitary or clustered

Palms have large, evergreen leaves that are either palmately ('fan-leaved') or pinnately ('feather- leaved') compound and spirally arranged at the top of the stem

arecaceae = palmae

• monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix.

• rhizomatous or tuberous

• often found to contain calcium oxalate crystals or raphide

araceae

wha family is this?

belanophoraceae

• leaves are alternate and adaxially circinate

• with at least one leaf surface containing hairs with mucilage-producing glands at the tip

• flowers are bisexual, usually with three carpels and five sepals, petals and
  stamens

droceraceaae

sn: drosera rotundifolia l.

• main part of a bladderwort plant always lies beneath the surface of its substrate.

• terrestrial species sometimes produce a few photosynthetic leaf-shoots.

• form long, thin, sometimes branching stems or stolons beneath the surface of their substrate

lentibulariaceae

• evergreen shrubs or lianas

• leaves are opposite or whorled, or alternate in some species

• flowers are white, pink, red, or orange, and are produced singly or in large panicles.

melatomataceae

sn: medinillia sp.

mitrastemonaceae

• easily distinguished from other plants, as they share some very evident derived characteristics or synapomorphies.

• Among these are: bilateral symmetry of the flower (zygomorphism),

• nearly always highly modified petal (labellum),  fused stamens and carpels, and extremely small seeds.

orchidaceae

• trees, shrubs, lianas, vines, epiphytes, and perennial herbs

• leaves are very long and narrow, sheathing, simple, undivided, with parallel veins;

• the leaf margins and abaxial midribs are often prickly

pandanacaea

The monster flower consists of about 28 species native to Southeast Asia, all of which are parasitic upon the roots of Tetrastigma vines (family Vitaceae).

The genus includes the giant , sometimes known as the corpse flower, which produces the largest known individual flower of any plant species in the world and is found in the forested mountains of Sumatra and Borne

Rafflesia arnoldi

nepentaceae