Chapter 14. Environmental Effects on Development

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to teratogens and their effects on development.

Teratogens

Factors originating from outside the embryo and mother that cause birth defects.

Endocrine disruptors

Substances that can interfere with the normal functioning of hormones.

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

An endocrine disruptor historically prescribed to pregnant women, linked to reproductive system abnormalities.

Bioaccumulate

The process by which certain substances, such as heavy metals, accumulate in the bodies of organisms.

Heavy metals

Types of metals like lead and mercury that can cause damage to the developing nervous system.

Adenosis

Abnormal tissue growth often associated with prenatal exposure to DES.

Hox genes

Genes that control the positioning of different parts of an organism during embryonic development.

BPA (Bisphenol A)

An endocrine disruptor that binds to estrogen receptors and can affect reproductive health.

Cervical dysplasia

Precancerous growth of cells in the cervix, associated with female prenatal exposure to DES.

PPARg (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma)

A transcription factor that regulates fat cell development and metabolism.

Genital tract abnormalities

Malformations of the reproductive system that can occur as a result of exposure to teratogens.

Müllerian duct

A structure in female embryonic development that is affected by estrogen and DES exposure.