HOSA- disabilities and disorders

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Health

184 Terms

1

blind

unable to see

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2

Otitis Media

infection of the middle ear due to viruses or bacteria

  • can be acute or chronic; damaging the tympanic membrane which could lead to permanent hearing loss

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tinnitus

ringing or buzzing in the ears

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vertigo

dizziness

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5

Meniere's Disease

disorder of inner ear causing vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss

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hearing loss

not being able to hear the normal range of sounds associated with normal hearing

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deafness

the most sever form of hearing loss in which it is impossible for the person to understand speech through hearing alone

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8

cerumen

ear wax

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9

aphasia

the total or partial loss of the ability to use or understand language due to damage to parts of the brain responsible for language

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apraxia of speech

the brain cannot coordinate the speech muscles therefore, cannot use the speech muscles to produce understandable speech

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dysarthria

damage done to the nervous system affecting the mouth and face muscles resulting in difficult or poor speech

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expressive aphasia (motor aphasia, Broca's aphasia)

the difficulty expressing or sending out thoughts due to the inability of speaking words. results in difficult speaking, spelling, counting, gesturing, or writing

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receptive aphasia (Wernicke's aphasia)

the difficultly understanding language orally or literally. results in speaking with no meaning, or not being able to identify what's been said

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expressive-receptive aphasia (global aphasia, mixed aphasia)

the difficulty speaking and understanding language

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15

glaucoma

increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision

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16

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

a condition in which the macula degenerates, gradually causing central vision loss; a blind spot in the center of the eye

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Wet AMD

abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula and can leak blood and fluid, raising the macula and impairing central vision. As the macula is displaced, straight lines may look wavy

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Dry AMD

most common type of AMD; causes deposits of yellow-colored extracellular material within the macula of the eye, causing possible atrophy of the retina and a gradual loss of central vision

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19

diabetic retinopathy

occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina, causing blood to leak into the posterior segment of the eyeball

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20

low vision

eyesight that cannot be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, drugs, or surgery

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braille

a system of writing that uses raised dots which are read by the fingertips of a blind person

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22

cancer

any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division

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23

tumor

a mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably.

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24

malignant tumors (cancer)

invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other body parts; they can grow back after removal (life threatening)

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benign tumors

rather large tumors that do not spread to other body parts; do not grow back after removal (rarely life threatening)

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metastasis

the spread of cancer to other body parts; occurs when cancer is not treated and controlled

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27

radiation therapy

treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation

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chemotherapy

the use of drugs to treat diseases such as cancer

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hormone therapy

treatment of cancer with natural hormones or with chemicals that produce hormone-like effects

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biological therapy

use of the body's own defenses to destroy tumor cells

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31

immune system

a complex response system that protects the body from bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances

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32

immune system disorders

autoimmune responses, as well as progressive weakening of immune response

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autoimmune disorders

cause the body's immune system to assault its own cells, tissues, or organs as if it were a foreign invader

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34

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

the most advanced, and fatal, stage of an HIV infection. it attacks the immune system, therefore destroying the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancers

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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

the virus that causes AIDS by spreading through body fluids- blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. although, it is very fragile and canot live outside the body

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36

shingles

viral disease that affects the peripheral nerves and causes blisters on the skin that follow the course of the affected nerves

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37

stroke, brain attack (cerebrovascular accident CVA)

a disease that affects the arteries that supply blood to the brain

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38

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain

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39

hemiplegia

paralysis of one side of the body

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40

Parkinson's disease

a slow, progressive disorder with no cure due to the area of the brain that controls muscle movement is affected

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue

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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem

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43

Head Injury

trauma that leads to injury of scalp, skull, and/or brain

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Spinal Cord Injury

trauma to the vertebral column

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45

Autonomic Dysreflexia

patients with spinal cord injuries are at risk for developing autonomic dysreflexia (T-7 or above)

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46

Arthritis

inflammation of a joint

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47

osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)

form of arthritis marked by progressive cartilage deterioration in synovial joints and vertebrae

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rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane

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Arthroplasty

surgical repair or replacement of a joint

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50

osteoporosis

a condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.

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fracture

broken bone

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closed fracture (simple)

broken bone does not penetrate the skin

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open fracture (compound)

broken bone penetrates through the skin

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traction

a pull to the arm or leg muscles to bring a bone back into place when it is dislocated or fractured

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amputation

a surgical removal of all or part of a limb

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56

cardiovascular disease

a disease of the heart and blood vessels

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hypertension

high blood pressure

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congenital heart defect

a defect or malformation of the heart or its major blood vessels, present at birth

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hypotension

low blood pressure

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pre-hypertension

when the systolic pressure is between 120 and 139 mm Hg or the diastolic pressure is between 80 and 89 mm Hg

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61

in hypertension, the diastolic pressure is...

is 90 mm Hg or higher

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62

in hypertension, the systolic pressure is...

is 140 mm Hg or higher

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63

coronary artery disease (CAD)

a treatable disease in which the coronary arteries surrounding the heart become hardened and narrow, resulting in the loss of blood and oxygen to the heart muscles

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cardiac rehabilitation

a medically supervised program to help heart patients recover quickly and improve their overall physical and mental functioning with exercise training and education, counseling training

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angina

a chest pain due to the reduced blood flow and oxygen to the part of the heart muscle

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66

myocardial infarction (MI)

sudden death of the heart muscles due to the sudden blockage of blood flow resulting in damage to that specific area

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67

heart failure

congestive heart failure (CHF) occurs when the heart is weakened and cannot pump normally resulting in tissue congestion and blood backing up

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68

pulmonary edema

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

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69

respiratory disorders

conditions interfering with oxygen being inhaled into the lungs and carbon dioxide being exhaled from the body

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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

a disease that results in a gradual loss of lung function, obstructing airflow

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chronic bronchitis

inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

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emphysema

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

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73

asthma

the inflammation and narrowing of the airways, resulting in extra mucus being produced and dyspnea; could be mild to sever

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74

influenza

respiratory infection caused by viruses

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pneumonia

sudden inflammation and infection of lung tissues

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76

tuberculosis (TB)

a bacterial infection of the lungs that is the most significant opportunistic infection associated with HIV

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77

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

a disease in which stomach's acid contents flow back from the stomach into the esophagus

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78

esophagitis

inflammation of the esophagus

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79

vomiting

expelling stomach contents through the mouth ; signaling illness or injury

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vomitus (emesis)

food and fluids expelled from the stomach through the mouth

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81

diverticular disease

condition in which bulging pouches (diverticula) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract push the mucosal lining through the surrounding muscle; cause abdominal pain and tenderness in the lower left abdomen

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82

gallstones

form when the bile in the gallbladder hardens into stone-like pieces which results in a blockage of the flow of bile

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83

hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function; mild or can cause death

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hepatitis A

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water

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hepatitis B

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids

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hepatitis C

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is transmitted by exposure to infected blood; this strain is rarely contracted sexually

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hepatitis D

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV)

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hepatitis E

spread through food or water contaminated by feces from an infected person; spread through a fecal-oral route

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89

endocrine system

glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.

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90

diabetes

a disorder in which the body cannot produce or use insulin properly resulting in high blood glucose

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type 1 diabetes

diabetes of a form that usually develops during childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels.

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type 2 diabetes

diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults and most often obese individuals and that is characterized by high blood glucose resulting from impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body's inability to compensate with increased insulin production.

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93

gestational diabetes

a form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some pregnancies

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94

hyopglycemia

low blood sugar

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95

urinary tract infection (UTIs)

common bacterial infections in one area can involve the entire system

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cystitis

inflammation of bladder due to infection

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oliguria

scanty urination

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dysuria

painful urination (follows oliguria)

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hematuria

blood in the urine

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pyuria

pus in the urine

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