Sport Psychology Study Guide

Flashcards for study guide on Sport Psychology concepts and theories.

What are the three roles of Sport Psychology Specialists?

Teaching, researching, and consulting.

What organization is known for professional sports psychology?

Association for Applied Sport Psychology.

What is sport and exercise psychology classified as?

A science.

What is the most reliable method of acquiring knowledge?

The scientific method.

What method of acquiring knowledge is considered the least reliable?

Intuition.

What is Test Anxiety an example of?

A situation-specific trait measure.

Who are at risk for psychological problems according to studies on perfectionists?

Those with poor coping skills.

What usually results in participant motivation?

A combination of personal and situational factors.

What does the entity view of goal perspective argue?

Individuals view their ability primarily as fixed and adopt maladaptive motivational patterns.

What effective technique can be used to change undesirable motives of an individual?

Behavior modification.

According to the interactionist view of motivation, what does motivation depend on?

An interaction between person and situation.

What kind of correlation exists between trait and state anxiety?

Positive correlation.

What does arousal refer to in sports psychology?

The intensity dimension of motivation.

What are sources of situational stress?

The importance placed on an event and the uncertainty that surrounds it.

What is the impact of lower self-esteem on athletes?

Increased likelihood of low confidence and high state anxiety.

What does the Drive Theory relate to?

Increased arousal affects attentional focus by narrowing the focus.

How does Coakley define cooperation?

A social process where performance is rewarded based on collective achievements of the group.

Which behavior does NOT support a cooperative learning environment?

Extrinsic values rewarded.

What is the self-determination theory's three psychological needs?

Autonomy, relatedness, and competence.

What does the additive approach to intrinsic and extrinsic motivation suggest?

I + E = more motivation.

What does shaping occur with?

Rewards given to behaviors that approximate the correct response.

What are social reinforcers?

A smile or pat on the back.

What are negative side effects of punishment?

Acting as a reinforcer and hindering skill learning.

What are the stages of team development?

Forming, storming, norming, performing.

What is role clarity?

Understanding exactly what your role is for the team.

What does role acceptance depend on?

Autonomy, feedback, and role recognition.

What is a norm in a team setting?

A level of performance or belief established as appropriate by a group.

What does a sociogram measure?

Friendship choices within the group and presence or absence of cliques.

What are environmental factors in the context of team cohesion?

Eligibility requirements and number of athletes holding scholarships.

How can team cohesion be built?

By giving teammates positive reinforcement and encouraging responsibility.

What process should be included to clarify team goals?

Prioritize team values, build a consensus of top values, identify goals.

What do athletes prefer regardless of age in a coach?

Coaches who give positive feedback and technical instruction.

What decision style do coaches use when they consult players before making decisions?

Autocratic-consultive.

What type of leader inspires people to follow a visionary position?

Transformative leadership.

What are the causes for breakdown in communication?

Various factors including misunderstandings and lack of clarity.

What is proxemics?

The study of how we use space.

What characterizes supportive listening behaviors?

Being empathic and remaining open to new ideas.

What consists of the sandwich approach to communication?

A positive statement followed by future-oriented instruction.

Who is the ideal person to supervise a PST program?

AASP-certified sports psychology consultant.

How does the importance of the mental side of sports vary?

It does not differ based on skill level.

What is the ultimate goal of PST?

Self-regulation.

When is it best to implement PST programs?

During the off-season or pre-season.

What are the components of the 4C model of mental toughness?

Control, Commitment, Challenge, Confidence.

What is a good starting point for increasing awareness of arousal states?

Visualizing your best and worst performances.

How are relaxation techniques classified?

Cognitive and somatic.

What should athletes do when performing a skill under pressure?

Breathe out during execution.

What strategy can help reduce tension on-site?

Smile when pressure is on, slow down, stay focused in the present.

What involves basic imagery training?

Controllability and vividness.

When is imagery most often used?

Prior to competition.

What does internal imagery help athletes experience?

Kinesthetic senses more easily than external imagery.

What does the latest research suggest about the timing of imagery?

It might differ based on the task.

What indicates that one's confidence can change in different situations?

State self-confidence.

How is sport self-confidence viewed?

As state or trait-like, depending on the situation.

What caused a dozen runners to break the 4-minute barrier soon after Roger Bannister?

The belief that it could be done.

On what basis do coaches often form expectations of athletes?

Performance information and person cues.