capillaries

Capillary exchange involves the movement of fluids, nutrients, and gases between blood vessels and tissues, primarily facilitated by and pressures.

hydrostatic; osmotic

Small molecules like and can pass directly through the endothelial cell membranes of capillaries.

gases; lipids

Larger molecules such as __, __, and ions utilize specific transporters to move across capillary membranes.

glucose; amino acids

Larger molecules can exit blood vessels through tiny gaps between endothelial cells called __.

intercellular clefts

The mass movement of fluids in and out of capillaries is referred to as __ flow.

bulk

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by blood against capillary walls, known as __.

capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP)

Osmotic pressure draws fluid back into the capillaries and is primarily influenced by __, which is created by plasma proteins.

blood colloidal osmotic pressure (BCOP)

At the arterial end of capillaries, filtration occurs when CHP exceeds __, resulting in a net filtration pressure of about __ mm Hg.

BCOP; 10

Near the venous end, reabsorption occurs when CHP drops to around mm Hg, while BCOP remains constant at mm Hg.

18; 25

The lymphatic system collects excess fluid, approximately __ liters daily, preventing edema.

24

The lymphatic vessels transport lymph back to the bloodstream, ensuring __ balance.

fluid