Invasion of the Robot Umpires

invasion

(noun) an occasion when a large number of people enter a place in an unwanted way; "The ___ of cameras into sport has changed how we watch games." - sự xâm nhập, sự tràn vào

umpire

(noun) a person who makes sure players follow the rules in sports like tennis or baseball; "The ___ made a controversial decision that changed the match." - trọng tài

minor league

(noun) a lower level of professional sport, below the top division; "He spent three years in the ___ before being called up to the top team." - giải đấu hạng nhỏ

modified

(adjective) changed slightly from its original form; "The rules have been ___ to allow for the use of technology." - được sửa đổi, điều chỉnh

missile-tracking system

(noun phrase) technology originally designed to track fast-moving objects; "Hawk-Eye was developed from a ___." - hệ thống theo dõi tên lửa

contraption

(noun) a strange or complicated machine or device; "The early camera ___ used to track the ball looked quite ridiculous." - thiết bị kỳ lạ, cỗ máy

be mounted above something

(phrase) to be fixed in a high position over something; "Several cameras ___ the court to track the ball's path." - được gắn phía trên cái gì đó

commission

(verb) to officially request something to be made or done; "The tennis association ___ed a study into the use of tracking technology." - đặt hàng, giao nhiệm vụ

pitch

(noun) the playing area in some sports, or the way a ball is thrown; "The ball landed just inside the ___." - sân đấu / cú ném bóng

judgement call

(noun phrase) a decision based on personal opinion rather than clear rules; "Whether the ball was in or out was a ___ for the umpire." - quyết định phán đoán cá nhân

on the part of someone

(phrase) done or felt by a particular person; "There was clear frustration ___ the players." - về phía ai đó

batter

(noun) the player who hits the ball in baseball; "The ___ swung and missed for the third time." - người đánh bóng (trong bóng chày)

heckling

(noun) shouting criticism or rude comments at a speaker or player; "The ___ from the crowd made it hard for the players to concentrate." - la hét chỉ trích, quấy rối bằng lời

animating

(adjective) making something more lively and interesting; "The ___ force behind the new system was a desire for fairness." - thúc đẩy, làm cho sôi động

take place

(phrase) to happen; "The experiment ___d over the course of an entire season." - diễn ra, xảy ra

boundary

(noun) a line that marks the edge of an area; "The ball crossed the ___ by just a few millimetres." - đường biên, ranh giới

evolve

(verb) to develop gradually over time; "The rules of the game have ___d significantly over the past decade." - tiến hóa, phát triển dần

personal abuse

(noun phrase) rude or offensive comments directed at a specific person; "The referee was subjected to ___ from both players and fans." - lời lẽ xúc phạm cá nhân

a no-no

(noun phrase) something that is not acceptable or not allowed; "Arguing aggressively with the umpire is ___ in tennis." - điều không được chấp nhận

in response

(phrase) as a reaction to something; "___, the governing body introduced new technology to reduce errors." - để đáp lại, phản ứng lại

tweak

(verb) to make a small adjustment to something; "Engineers ___ed the software to improve its accuracy." - điều chỉnh nhỏ, tinh chỉnh

dimension

(noun) an aspect or feature of a situation; "Technology has added a new ___ to how sports are judged." - khía cạnh, chiều kích thước

consensus

(noun) a general agreement among a group of people; "There is no ___ on whether technology always improves sport." - sự đồng thuận

profound

(adjective) very great or significant; "The introduction of video review had a ___ effect on how decisions are made." - sâu sắc, to lớn

consistent

(adjective) always behaving in the same way or producing the same results; "The new system was more ___ than human judgement." - nhất quán

near-perfect

(adjective) almost completely accurate or correct; "The technology produced ___ results in testing conditions." - gần như hoàn hảo

precise to within a fraction of an inch

(phrase) extremely accurate, down to a very small measurement; "The ball-tracking system is ___." - chính xác đến từng phần nhỏ của một inch

controversy

(noun) a situation that causes a lot of public disagreement; "The referee's decision sparked huge ___." - tranh cãi, bất đồng

be worth doing

(phrase) to be valuable or useful enough to justify the effort; "Many fans argue that using technology ___." - đáng làm

unforgiving

(adjective) not allowing mistakes or weaknesses; "The technology is ___ – every millimetre counts." - không khoan nhượng, khắt khe

pedantic

(adjective) paying too much attention to minor details or rules; "Critics argued that the system was overly ___ in its application." - cứng nhắc về chi tiết nhỏ nhặt

legalistic

(adjective) paying excessive attention to rules and their exact wording; "Some felt the new approach was too ___ and took the fun out of the game." - theo kiểu luật pháp, quá câu nệ quy tắc

pitcher

(noun) the player in baseball who throws the ball to the batter; "The ___ threw the ball with incredible speed and accuracy." - người ném bóng (trong bóng chày)

executive

(noun) a senior person in an organisation who makes important decisions; "The league ___ agreed to trial the new system." - giám đốc điều hành, lãnh đạo

be tasked with

(phrase) to be given a particular responsibility; "The committee ___ reviewing the use of technology in sport." - được giao nhiệm vụ

run the experiment

(phrase) to carry out a test or trial; "Officials decided to ___ across several matches before making a final decision." - tiến hành thí nghiệm

be in charge of

(phrase) to have responsibility for something; "She ___ deciding which decisions could be reviewed." - chịu trách nhiệm về

be terrified of

(phrase) to be very frightened of something; "Some officials ___ being overruled by a machine." - rất sợ hãi về

defense

(noun) the action of protecting something from attack; "The team's ___ was weakened by two injured players." - sự phòng thủ

essentially

(adverb) used to emphasise the most basic or important aspect of something; "___, the question is whether machines should replace human judgement." - về cơ bản

flatten A into B

(phrase) to reduce a three-dimensional object to a simpler two-dimensional form; "The software ___s the ball's path ___ a line on a flat image." - làm phẳng A thành B

geometry

(noun) the mathematical study of shapes, lines, and angles; "The ___ of the pitch must be perfectly mapped for the technology to work." - hình học

be ruled out

(phrase) to be eliminated or decided as not possible; "The goal was ___ after the video review showed the player was offside." - bị loại bỏ, bị bác bỏ

blob

(noun) a small, round, shapeless mass; "On the screen, the ball appeared as a small ___ moving across the frame." - đốm, khối tròn nhỏ

move away from

(phrasal verb) to stop doing or using something; "Sport is slowly ___ing ___ relying solely on human officials." - rời xa, từ bỏ dần

offside decisions

(noun phrase) rulings about whether a player was in an illegal position; "___ in football are now regularly checked using video technology." - quyết định việt vị

line calls

(noun phrase) decisions about whether a ball landed in or out of bounds; "___ in tennis can now be made automatically by computer." - phán quyết về đường biên

instant replay

(noun phrase) the immediate replay of a moment in a game on video; "The ___ showed clearly that the ball had crossed the line." - phát lại tức thì

base path

(noun phrase) the route a runner follows between bases in baseball; "The runner was called out for leaving the ___." - đường chạy giữa các đích (trong bóng chày)

delineate

(verb) to describe or mark the boundaries of something clearly; "The software ___s the exact edges of the playing area." - phân định rõ ràng, vạch ra

discretion

(noun) the freedom to make your own judgements; "Referees were once given full ___ to make every decision." - quyền tự quyết, sự linh hoạt trong phán đoán

historically

(adverb) based on what has happened in the past; "___, referees have always had the final say in sport." - về mặt lịch sử

take a dissenting stance toward something

(phrase) to hold an opposing or disagreeing view about something; "Several coaches ___d ___ the introduction of video review." - có lập trường phản đối về điều gì đó

break down

(phrasal verb) to stop working, or to analyse something in detail; "Let's ___ the decision-making process step by step." - phân tích, chia nhỏ / hỏng hóc

amend

(verb) to make small changes to improve something; "The rules were ___ed to allow for technological assistance." - sửa đổi, điều chỉnh

criticism

(noun) the expression of disapproval about something; "The system faced heavy ___ for being too slow." - sự chỉ trích

justify

(verb) to give a good reason for something; "Officials struggled to ___ their decision to overturn the referee's call." - biện minh, giải thích

alteration

(noun) a small change made to something; "The ___ to the rules was welcomed by most players." - sự thay đổi, điều chỉnh

fierce

(adjective) very strong or intense; "There was ___ debate about whether technology should replace human officials." - dữ dội, gay gắt

debate on something

(phrase) a formal or public discussion about a topic; "The ___ the role of technology in sport continues to this day." - cuộc tranh luận về điều gì đó

subjective

(adjective) based on personal feelings rather than facts; "Some decisions in sport will always be ___." - mang tính chủ quan

perceived

(adjective) thought of or understood in a particular way; "The ___ unfairness of the old system led to calls for change." - được nhìn nhận, được cảm nhận

shove

(verb) to push someone roughly; "The player ___d his opponent and was immediately shown a red card." - đẩy mạnh, xô

dispute

(noun) a disagreement or argument; "The ___ over the goal led to a lengthy video review." - tranh chấp, bất đồng

tactic

(noun) a method used to achieve a goal; "Wasting time is a common ___ used by teams who are winning." - chiến thuật

be bound to

(phrase) to be certain to happen; "Introducing new technology is ___ cause some disruption at first." - chắc chắn sẽ

be regarded as

(phrase) to be considered or thought of in a particular way; "The new system ___ a major improvement by most officials." - được coi là

guaranteed outcome

(noun phrase) a result that is certain to happen; "In sport, there is never a ___ no matter how well you prepare." - kết quả được đảm bảo

keep up with

(phrasal verb) to stay level with something that is changing; "It is difficult to ___ the pace of technological change in sport." - theo kịp

vary widely

(phrase) to be very different depending on the situation; "Opinions on the use of technology ___ among coaches and fans." - chênh lệch nhiều, khác nhau đáng kể