Studied by 6 peopleCells
What makes tissue?
Organs
What else does tissues make?
Systems
Organs make what?
Organisms
Systems make what?
Carry on the same function, make tissues
Cells that ____________ and work together make _______
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform the same function
Specific jobs
Cells specialize in ______
Interweave to form the "fabric" of the body
What do Tissues do?
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and nervous tissue
What are the primary tissue types?
Heart and liver cells
What are examples of tissue?
If a small group of cells have a very specific job, then other cells can't easily replace them if something goes wrong in the body
Hazards of cell specialization
Heart cells in the muscles can't be replaced if many or all of the heart cells in the muscles die from cancer (heart failure)
What is an example of the hazards of cell specialization?
Work together make tissue
Cells that _______ make ______
Epithelial tissue or epithelium
Epithelial cells make what?
Lines the body, covers the body, and makes up the glandular tissue
What are the 3 jobs of epithelial tissue?
Epithelial Cells
Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and lines the internal surfaces of the organs
Epithelial tissue/skin
Anything that exits or enters our body must pass through _______
Selectively permeable
Cells are ________
Protection, Absorption, Filtration, and Secretion
What are the 4 epithelial functions?
Osmosis and diffusion
Cells on the skin control _______ and _____
Covering/Epithelial tissue
What is the 1st line of defense for our entire body?
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Epithelial does not let harmful things into the body like bacteria
Protection
Absorbs vitamin and nutrients
Absorption
Vitamin D from the sun, UV rays, heat
What are examples of absorption?
Filters what goes in and what goes out; only takes in good things like nutrients and vitamins
Filtration
Sweats; the passage of material formed by a cell to its exterior
Secretion
epithelium of the skin protects us against bacterial and chemical damage
epithelium lining of the respiratory tract has cillia, which sweeps dust and other debris away from the lungs
epithelium specialized to absorb substances lines some digestive system organs such as the stomach
epithelium in the lungs absorbs oxygen and exhales the bad stuff
What are 4 examples of epithelium functions?
Glandular Epithelium
Composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances
Gland
Is a single cell or group of cells (tissue) that is adapted for secretion
Proteins
Secretion contains ______
Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, ovaries, testes, and pancreas
What are the 6 examples of glands?
Growth
What is the pituitary gland important for?
Nutrition/metabolism
What is the thyroid gland important for?
Adrenaline
What is the adrenal gland important for?
Eggs
What do ovaries produce?
Sperms
What do testes produce?
Hormones and enzymes
What does the pancreas produce?
Produces and secretes substances such as sweat, oil, digestive enzymes, mucus, and hormones
What do glands do?
Apical surface, basement membrane, avascular
What are the unique characteristics of epithelium?
Apical Surface
The top surface of tissue that is exposed to the surrounding environment
Basement Surface
The lower surface of the tissue
Basement Surface
Contains material secreted by both the epithelial cells and the connective tissue cells that are next to the epithelium
No. They are avascular
Do epithelial tissue have a blood supply of their own?
Relies on diffusion from the capillaries in the underlying connective tissue for food and oxygen
Epithelial tissue relies __________________
A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts; grows back through mitosis when disconnected from other tissues
Connective Tissue
Bone (osseous), Cartilage, Dense connective tissue (fibrous), Loose connective tissue, and reticular connective tissue
What are the five types of connective tissue?
Blood supply (vascularized) except in cartilage, ligaments and tendons; Located in the dermis or the lower level of skin; includes an extracellular matrix
What are the 3 characteristics of connective tissue?
Extracellular Tissue
Composed of several different cell types and is made of parts secreted by other cells; allows the tissues to bear weight
Osteocytes
What are bone cells called?
Bone (Osseous) Tissue
Have bone cavities called lucanae, which is surrounded by layers of the matrix
Connection and support
What is bone good for?
Calcium and collagen fibers
What does the matrix, surrounding the bone cavities, contain?
More flexible than bone
Cartilage Tissue
Chondrocytes
What are the cells called for cartilage?
Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage
What are the three types of cartilage tissue?
Has a lot of collagen fibers and includes a rubbery matrix
Hyaline
Breastbone, lareax, and nose
Where is hyaline located in?
Forms cushion-like discs in the spine
Fibrocartilage
Contains structures elasticity
Elastic Cartilage
Ear canal
Where can elastic cartilage be found in?
Forms tendons and ligaments
Dense Connective Tissue (fibrous)
Lower layers of the skin
Where is dense connective tissue located in?
Has ropelike, strong tissue that forms into sheets
Describe dense connective tissue.
More stretchy compared to tendons
Ligaments in dense connective tissue are __________
Fibroblasts and fibrocytes
The cells of dense connective tissue are called _________
Immature
Are fibroblasts immature or mature?
Mature
Are fibrocytes immature or mature?
Softer, more cells, few fibers
Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar and adipose tissue
What are the two types of loose connective tissue?
Mature cells
-cyte
Immature cell
-blast
Is called the "glue" of the organs because it "strings" them together
Areolar Tissue
Looks like a cobweb, is soft, pliable
Describe Areolar Tissue.
Most widely distributed tissue in the body
Areolar Tissue is the most __________
Edema
What is the watery solution that surrounds Areolar tissue called?
Phagocytes that are searching for food
What is located in Areolar tissue?
Insulates and protects organs, cushions your eye sockets, fuels body with energy
Adipose Tissue
Areolar tissue and fat cells beneath the skin
What are adipose tissue made up of?
Breast, Arms, Stomach, and Hips
Where is adipose tissue located in?
Network of cells that form a layer called stroma
Reticular Connective Tissue
Supplies blood to cells and organs; supports blood cells or lymphocytes in lymphoid organs
What is the function of reticular connective tissue?
Stroma
Layer in the cells that looks like cob-webs
Dermis
Inner layer of skin
Extracellular Matrix
A collection of molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells
Blood cells surrounded by plasma fluid (nonliving); has white blood cells and red blood cells with plasma inside
Vascular/Blood Tissue
Transports blood and nutrients through the body
What is the function of Vascular Tissue?
Blood vessels and the heart
Where is Vascular Tissue located in?
Consists of a network of interwoven reticular fibers which forms stroma or internal framework of organs
What else does Vascular Tissue consist of?
Is the transport vehicle for the cardiovascular system, carrying nutrients, wastes, respiratory gases, and many other necessary substances throughout the body
Blood
Blood
_______ is not a typical connective tissue
Platelets
What is responsible for clotting?
blood are soluble, visible
Fibers of _____ are _____ protein that becomes ____ during clotting
Is highly specialized to contract or shorten to produce movement
Muscle Tissue
Skeletal, Cardiac, and smooth muscle tissue
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
Packaged by connective tissue sheets to form organs called skeletal muscles
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Voluntary because they are continuously moving
Are skeletal muscle tissue voluntary or involuntary?
They pull on the bones and skin leading to movement
What happens when this muscle tissue contracts?
Long, cylindral, multicellular, have obvious striations
Describe muscle tissue.
Note
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