General Chemistry — Key Concepts (Video Notes)

40-question flashcards (Question and Answer) covering matter, states, properties, changes, mixtures, pure substances, and the periodic table as presented in the video notes.

What is Chemistry?

The field of study concerned with the characteristics, composition, and transformations of matter.

Which subfield studies the physics, matter, and energy of chemicals at the atomic and molecular level?

Physical Chemistry.

Which subfield studies the structure, synthesis, and properties of organic compounds?

Organic Chemistry.

Which subfield studies the structure, synthesis, and properties of inorganic compounds (often containing metals)?

Inorganic Chemistry.

Which subfield studies key chemistry concepts and the theories behind them?

Theoretical Chemistry.

Which subfield focuses on analyzing different matter using various methods, instruments, and techniques?

Analytical Chemistry.

Which subfield studies chemical reactions and processes in living things?

Biochemistry.

What is Matter?

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

List the physical states of matter mentioned in the notes.

Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma.

What is the physical state characterized by a definite shape and definite volume?

Solid.

What is the physical state with indefinite shape but definite volume?

Liquid.

What is the physical state with indefinite shape and indefinite volume?

Gas.

What factors determine the state of matter?

Temperature, pressure, and the strength of the forces holding its particles together.

Name a substance that exists in all three states (solid, liquid, gas) according to the notes.

Water.

What is a property?

A distinguishing characteristic used to identify and describe a substance.

What are the two general types of properties?

Physical properties and chemical properties.

What is a physical property?

A property observed without changing the substance's chemical identity.

Give three common physical properties.

Color, density, mass, pressure, and volume.

What is an intensive property?

A property that does not depend on the amount of matter.

What is an extensive property?

A property that depends on the amount of matter.

Give two examples of intensive properties.

Boiling point and density (also color, temperature, etc.).

Give two examples of extensive properties.

Volume and mass (also energy, length).

What is a chemical property?

A property describing how a substance changes to form a new substance or resists such change.

What is an example of a chemical property?

Copper turning green when exposed to moist air over time.

What are changes of matter categorized into?

Physical changes and chemical changes.

What is a physical change?

A change that alters a substance's appearance but not its chemical identity; no new substance is formed.

What is a chemical change?

A process in which one or more new substances are formed with different properties.

Is melting a physical or chemical change?

Physical change (change of state).

Is burning a match a physical or chemical change?

Chemical change.

What is a pure substance?

A single kind of matter with definite composition that cannot be separated into other substances by physical means.

What is a mixture?

A physical combination of two or more pure substances, with each retaining its own identity.

Mixtures are subclassified into which two categories?

Heterogeneous and Homogeneous.

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A mixture that contains visibly different phases with non-uniform composition.

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A mixture that contains only one visually distinct phase with uniform properties.

Give two examples of a heterogeneous mixture.

Chocolate chip cookies; blueberry muffins.

Give two examples of a homogeneous mixture.

Sugar–water solution; air.

What is an element?

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler pure substances by chemical means.

What is a compound?

A pure substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler substances by chemical means.

How do the properties of a compound relate to its constituent elements?

A compound has properties different from its constituent elements because its elements are chemically combined.

What is the Periodic Law?

When elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, elements with similar chemical properties occur at periodic intervals.