Biochemistry - Molecules of Life

A series of flashcards covering key concepts and facts from the Biochemistry lecture on the molecules of life, focusing on inorganic and organic compounds, water, enzymes, and their tests.

What are inorganic compounds characterized by?

Inorganic compounds do not have a living origin, do not contain carbon, are elements and simple molecules, and usually do not burn in oxygen.

What is considered the most important inorganic compound?

Water.

What are the general functions of water?

Solvent, medium for chemical reactions, transporting agent, regulates body temperature, and gives shape.

What are macro-elements and name two examples?

Macro-elements are essential elements needed in larger amounts; examples include Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P).

What is the pH scale used for?

The pH scale measures the degree of alkalinity and acidity.

What is the pH range for acidic solutions?

A pH range of 0 – 6.9 represents acidic solutions.

Name three common organic compounds.

Fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.

What is the basic building block of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides.

What is the difference between monosaccharides and disaccharides?

Monosaccharides are single sugar units, while disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides.

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Enzymes are proteins that accelerate chemical reactions inside living cells.

What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?

High temperatures can denature enzymes, changing their shape and rendering them inactive.

What does the Lock and Key Theory illustrate?

It illustrates how a substrate fits into the active site of an enzyme, forming an enzyme/substrate complex.

What is a positive test result for starch using iodine?

A blue-black color change indicates the presence of starch.

How can you test for proteins?

By mixing the sample with Biuret solution, which turns lilac-purple if proteins are present.

What is the significance of fatty acids in lipid molecules?

Fatty acids are building blocks that combine with glycerol to form lipids.

What are the consequences of excessive lipid intake?

Excessive lipid intake can lead to coronary artery disease due to fatty deposits narrowing arteries.