Cosmetology Exam Prep

Vocabulary flashcards from lecture notes. Covers topics such as virus, immunity, decontamination, hair structure, and haircutting techniques.

Virus

A submicroscopic, parasitic particle that causes disease

Immunity

The body's ability to fight or defend against infection and disease

Contamination

The presence of unclean materials or tools left on a surface

Decontamination

The removal of any infectious materials on tools or surfaces by following all sanitation and disinfection guidelines

Decontamination Method 1 (Disinfecting)

Clean tools with warm, soapy water, remove debris, submerge tools in an EPA-registered disinfectant, and follow manufacturer's directions for contact time and mixing ratios.

Contact Time

The amount of time the disinfectant must stay moist on a surface in order for it to be effective

Decontamination Method 2 (Sterilization)

Clean tools with warm, soapy water, remove debris, and place tools in a high-pressure steam unit, called an autoclave to destroy all microbial life, including spores

Allergy

An immune response or reaction to substances that are usually not harmful

Exposure Incident

When you come in contact with broken skin, body fluid, blood or any other potentially infectious items while at work

Standard Precautions

A set of guidelines published by Centers for Disease Control (CDC) that require an employer and employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are bloodborne pathogens

Ergonomics

The applied science concerned with designing and arranging things that people use so both (people and things) interact most efficiently and safely

Contagious/Communicable

Means that infections or diseases can be transferred from one person to another by contact

Disease

Bacterial invasion of the body that disrupts a normal function of health

Disorder

Any abnormality of bodily function; services can be performed with special product recommendations

Bacteria

One cell microorganisms

Non-Pathogenic

Bacteria that are not harmful

Pathogenic

Bacteria that are harmful and cause disease

Bloodborne Pathogens

Infectious pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood or bodily fluids and can cause disease in humans; these pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Pediculosis Capitis

Condition caused by the infestation of the hair and scalp caused by the parasitic insect, head louse

Scables

Condition caused by a microscopic mite, known as the itch mite

Cocci

Circular-shaped bacteria that produce pus and can cause strep throat and blood poisoning

Staphylococci

Bacterial cells which form in clusters, like grapes, are pus forming causing abscesses, pustules and boils

Furuncle

Boil or abscess of the skin located in the hair follicle

Carbuncle

A localized infection caused by staphylococci bacteria; similar to a furuncle but larger

Diplococci

Grow in pairs, are spherical-shaped, and cause pneumonia

Streptococci

Bacterial cells that grow in curved lines shaped into chains and cause abscesses, pustules and boils

Bacilli

Rod-shaped, spore-producing bacteria

Spirilla

A spiral-shaped or curved bacteria

Trichology

The study of hair and its diseases and disorders

Cuticle

The tough, outer protective covering of the hair

Hair Follicle

A tube-like depression in the pocket in the skin that contains the hair root from which the hair will grow

Hair Bulb

The rounded, club-shaped part of hair located at the end of the hair root

Dermal Papillae

A small, cone-shaped elevation at the base of the hair follicle filled with blood vessels

Arrector Pili Muscle

A small, involuntary muscle located along the side of the hair follicle that is responsible for 'goose bumps'

Keratinization

The process of converting living skin cells into hard proteins

Keratin

A strong, fibrous protein; the building block for hair, skin and nails

Anagen

The period of active growth

Catagen

The period of break down and change of hair growth

Telogen

Resting phase of hair growth

Lanugo Hair

Also known as Vellus Hair, is the soft, white and downy hair found on the body; usually lacking a medulla

Terminal Hair

Pigmented hair on the body

Pityriasis

Dandruff; dry type of dandruff characterized by white, lightweight flakes that either attach to the scalp in clusters or are scattered loosely within hair and eventually fall to the shoulders

Pityriasis Steatoides

Also known as Seborrheic Dermatitis, is a severe case of dandruff, distinguished by excessive amounts of waxy or greasy scales that accumulate on the scalp in crusts

Trichoptilosis

Also known as Split Ends, is when hair ends are dried out and damaged by overexposure to heating tools, weather elements and/or chemical services

Fragilitas Crinium

Also known as Brittle Hair, when the hair is susceptible to breakage

Trichorrehexis Nodosa

Also known as Knotted Hair, has bulges welling along the hair shaft; brittleness and breakage can occur at the node

Monilethrix

Condition causing beaded hair. Hair is weak before each node and easily broken

Surfactant

A surface active agent or wetting agent that has the ability to dissolve in water and remove dirt from surfaces, such as hair; the ingredient in shampoo that causes lather

Growth Pattern

The direction the hair grows from the scalp

Whorl

Circular growth pattern; use special considerations when cutting

Cowlick

A tuft of hair that stands up with a strong directional growth pattern

Hair Stream

Hair growing in the same direction; creates a natural part

Natural Distribution

The direction in which the hair moves or falls on the head

Texture

The diameter or width, quality, feel and arrangement of individual hair strands within the overall hair structure; textures are described as fine, medium and coarse

Coarse Texture

Hair has a large diameter or width and feels thick

Medium Texture

Hair has an average width and thickness

Fine Texture

Hair has a small diameter / width that feels thin

Diameter

The thickness of a hair strand

Density

The number of hair strands per square inch on the scalp

Alopecia

Abnormal hair loss

Alopecia Areata

Patchy loss of hair occurring on the scalp or other parts of the body

Alopecia Totalis

Severe case of alopecia areata where balding occurs over the entire head

Alopecia Universalis

Severe case of alopecia areata where balding occurs over the entire body

Traction Alopecia

Hair loss through repetitive and excessive pulling or stretching of the hair

Androgenic Alopecia

Male or female pattern baldness

Telogen Effluvium

Premature or sudden hair loss

Postpartum Alopecia

Period of temporary hair loss that typically occurs after childbirth

Fungi

Members of a large group of organisms that include microorganisms, such as yeasts, molds, and mildews

Tinea

The technical term for Ringworm; a contagious condition caused by fungal parasite

Tinea Barbae

Also known as Barber's Itch, is a superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin

Tinea Capitis

A fungal infection of the skin and scalp, characterized by red papules or spots at the opening of the hair follicle

Tinea Favosa

Also known as Honeycomb Ringworm; a fungal infection of the scalp, characterized by a pink scalp with thick, whitish-yellow crusts known as scutula, which tend have a slight odor

Cranium

Covers the top and sides of the head and consists of six bones

Parietal Bone

Two bones, one on each side of the head, that form the entire crown and top sides

Occipital Bone

The bone that covers the back of the head and sits directly above the nape

Temporal Bone

Two bones are on each side of the head that forms the lower side of the head

Frontal Bone

Forms the forehead; starts at the top of the eyes, extending to the beginning curve

Epicranius

Also known as Occipito-frontalis, the broad muscle formed by the joining of the Frontalis and Occipitalis

Occipitalis

The muscle located in the nape of the neck that draws the scalp back

Epicranial Aponeurosis

A tendon that connects the Occipitalis and the Frontalis

Frontalis

The muscle that encompasses the forehead and extends into the beginning curve of the scalp

Temporalis

The temple muscle located above and in front of the ear that helps in opening and closing the mouth, as in chewing

Platysma

The muscle that extends from the tip of the chin to the shoulder and lowers the jaw and lip

Sternocleidomastoideus

Long muscle that stretches from the back of the ear, along the side of the neck to the collar bone

Trapezius

Flat, triangular muscles that run from the upper back to the back of the neck

Palm-to-Palm

A haircutting technique that positions the palms of your hands facing each other; using the palm-to-palm position when cutting prevents the hair from being lifted up off your hand and the hair from being pushed out the front of the shears

Sections/Sectioning

Dividing areas of hair that can be managed and controlled

Apex

The highest point of the head

Interior

The inner or internal part

Parietal Ridge

Largest curve of the head; it separates the interior of the head from the exterior of the head

Exterior

The outer or external part

Nape

The section of the head from the occipital bone to the hairline

Line(s) of Haircutting

Also known as the Edge or Division of a Shape. The basic lines used in haircutting are straight and curved. There are three types of straight lines: horizontal, vertical and diagonal. Each line represents various movement and design options

Vertical Lines

A line that extends straight up from the floor; opposite of horizontal

Horizontal Line

A line parallel to the floor; opposite of vertical

Diagonal Lines

A slanting line between horizontal and vertical lines

Weight Line

Concentration of hair within an area that gives the appearance of heaviness and density

Parallel Lines

Consistently traveling in the same direction at an equal distance apart

Disconnected Lines

Not connected; independent lines that normally do not blend; having a defined break in the design

Angle

The space formed in between the point where two lines join; combination of two straight lines joined together, producing various effects and qualities