Cosmetology Exam Prep

Virus

• A submicroscopic, parasitic particle that causes disease.

Immunity

• The body's ability to fight or defend against infection and disease.

Contamination

• The presence of unclean materials or tools left on a surface.

Decontamination

• The removal of any infectious materials on tools or surfaces by following all sanitation and disinfection guidelines.

Decontamination Method 1 (Disinfecting)

• Clean tools with warm, soapy water to remove visible debris.
• Submerge tools in an EPA-registered disinfectant.
• Follow manufacturer's directions for proper contact time and mixing ratios.
• Contact Time: The amount of time the disinfectant must stay moist on a surface to be effective.

Decontamination Method 2 (Sterilization)

• Clean tools with warm, soapy water to remove visible debris.
• Place tools in a high-pressure steam unit called an autoclave.
• Sterilization destroys all microbial life, including spores.

Allergy

• An immune response or reaction to substances that are usually not harmful.

Exposure Incident

• Contact with broken skin, body fluid, blood, or any other potentially infectious items while at work.

Standard Precautions

• A set of guidelines published by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC).
• Requires employers and employees to assume all human blood and body fluids are bloodborne pathogens.

Ergonomics

• The applied science concerned with designing and arranging things that people use so both (people and things) interact most efficiently and safely.

Contagious/Communicable

• Infections or diseases that can be transferred from one person to another by contact.

Disease

• Bacterial invasion of the body that disrupts a normal function of health.

Disorder

• Any abnormality of bodily function; services can be performed with special product recommendations.

Bacteria

• One-cell microorganisms.

Non-Pathogenic

• Bacteria that are not harmful.

Pathogenic

• Bacteria that are harmful and cause disease.

Bloodborne Pathogens

• Infectious pathogenic microorganisms present in human blood or bodily fluids that can cause disease in humans.
• Examples: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Pediculosis Capitis

• Condition caused by the infestation of the hair and scalp caused by the parasitic insect, head louse.

Scabies

• A condition caused by a microscopic mite, known as the itch mite.

Cocci

• Circular-shaped bacteria that produce pus and can cause strep throat and blood poisoning.

Staphylococci

• Bacterial cells that form in clusters, like grapes, are pus forming causing abscesses, pustules, and boils.

Furuncle

• Boil or abscess of the skin located in the hair follicle.

Carbuncle

• A localized infection caused by staphylococci bacteria; similar to a furuncle but larger.

Diplococci

• Grow in pairs, are spherical-shaped, and cause pneumonia.

Streptococci

• Bacterial cells that grow in curved lines shaped into chains and cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.

Bacilli

• Rod-shaped, spore-producing bacteria.

Spirilla

• A spiral-shaped or curved bacteria.

Trichology

• The study of hair and its diseases and disorders.

Cuticle

• The tough, outer protective covering of the hair.

Hair Follicle

• A tube-like depression in the pocket in the skin that contains the hair root from which the hair will grow.

Hair Bulb

• The rounded, club-shaped part of hair located at the end of the hair root.

Dermal Papillae

• A small, cone-shaped elevation at the base of the hair follicle filled with blood vessels.

Arrector Pili Muscle

• A small, involuntary muscle located along the side of the hair follicle that is responsible for 'goose bumps'.

Keratinization

• The process of converting living skin cells into hard proteins.

Keratin

• A strong, fibrous protein; the building block for hair, skin, and nails.

Anagen

• The period of active growth.

Catagen

• The period of breakdown and change of hair growth.

Telogen

• Resting phase of hair growth.

Lanugo Hair

• Also known as Vellus Hair, is the soft, white, and downy hair found on the body; usually lacking a medulla.

Terminal Hair

• Pigmented hair on the body.

Pityriasis

• Dandruff; dry type of dandruff characterized by white, lightweight flakes that either attach to the scalp in clusters or are scattered loosely within hair and eventually fall to the shoulders.

Pityriasis Steatoides

• Also known as Seborrheic Dermatitis, is a severe case of dandruff, distinguished by excessive amounts of waxy or greasy scales that accumulate on the scalp in crusts.

Trichoptilosis

• Also known as Split Ends, is when hair ends are dried out and damaged by overexposure to heating tools, weather elements, and/or chemical services.

Fragilitas Crinium

• Also known as Brittle Hair, when the hair is susceptible to breakage.

Trichorrehexis Nodosa

• Also known as Knotted Hair, has bulges swelling along the hair shaft; brittleness and breakage can occur at the node.

Monilethrix

• Condition causing beaded hair. Hair is weak before each node and easily broken.

Surfactant

• A surface active agent or wetting agent that has the ability to dissolve in water and remove dirt from surfaces, such as hair; the ingredient in shampoo that causes lather.

Growth Pattern

• The direction the hair grows from the scalp.

Whorl

• Circular growth pattern; use special considerations when cutting.

Cowlick

• A tuft of hair that stands up with a strong directional growth pattern.

Hair Stream

• Hair growing in the same direction; creates a natural part.

Natural Distribution

• The direction in which the hair moves or falls on the head.

Texture

• The diameter or width, quality, feel, and arrangement of individual hair strands within the overall hair structure; textures are described as fine, medium, and coarse.

Coarse Texture

• Hair has a large diameter or width and feels thick.

Medium Texture

• Hair has an average width and thickness.

Fine Texture

• Hair has a small diameter/width that feels thin.

Diameter

• The thickness of a hair strand.

Density

• The number of hair strands per square inch on the scalp.

Alopecia

• Abnormal hair loss.

Alopecia Areata

• Patchy loss of hair occurring on the scalp or other parts of the body.

Alopecia Totalis

• Severe case of alopecia areata where balding occurs over the entire head.

Alopecia Universalis

• Severe case of alopecia areata where balding occurs over the entire body.

Traction Alopecia

• Hair loss through repetitive and excessive pulling or stretching of the hair.

Androgenic Alopecia

• Male or female pattern baldness.

Telogen Effluvium

• Premature or sudden hair loss.

Postpartum Alopecia

• Period of temporary hair loss that typically occurs after childbirth.

Fungi

• Members of a large group of organisms that include microorganisms, such as yeasts, molds, and mildews.

Tinea

• The technical term for Ringworm; a contagious condition caused by fungal parasite.

Tinea Barbae

• Also known as Barber's Itch, is a superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin.

Tinea Capitis

• A fungal infection of the skin and scalp, characterized by red papules or spots at the opening of the hair follicle.

Tinea Favosa

• Also known as Honeycomb Ringworm; a fungal infection of the scalp, characterized by a pink scalp with thick, whitish-yellow crusts known as scutula, which tend to have a slight odor.

Cranium

• Covers the top and sides of the head and consists of six bones.

Parietal Bone

• Two bones, one on each side of the head, that form the entire crown and top sides.

Occipital Bone

• The bone that covers the back of the head and sits directly above the nape.

Temporal Bone

• Two bones on each side of the head that forms the lower side of the head.

Frontal Bone

• Forms the forehead; starts at the top of the eyes, extending to the beginning curve.

Epicranius

* Also known as Occipito-frontalis, the broad muscle formed by the joining of the Frontalis and Occipitalis

Occipitalis

* The muscle located in the nape of the neck that draws the scalp back

Epicranial Aponeurosis

* A tendon that connects the Occipitalis and the Frontalis

Frontalis

* The muscle that encompasses the forehead and extends into the beginning curve of the scalp

Temporalis

* The temple muscle located above and in front of the ear that helps in opening and closing the mouth, as in chewing

Platysma

* The muscle that extends from the tip of the chin to the shoulder and lowers the jaw and lip

Sternocleidomastoideus

* Long muscle that stretches from the back of the ear, along the side of the neck to the collar bone

Trapezius

* Flat, triangular muscles that run from the upper back to the back of the neck

Palm-to-Palm

* A haircutting technique that positions the palms of your hands facing each other; using the palm-to-palm position when cutting prevents the hair from being lifted up off your hand and the hair from being pushed out the front of the shears

Sections/Sectioning

* Dividing areas of hair that can be managed and controlled

Apex

* The highest point of the head

Interior

* The inner or internal part

Parietal Ridge

* Largest curve of the head; it separates the interior of the head from the exterior of the head

Exterior

* The outer or external part

Nape

* The section of the head from the occipital bone to the hairline

Line(s) of Haircutting

* Also known as the Edge or Division of a Shape. The basic lines used in haircutting are straight and curved. There are three types of straight lines: horizontal, vertical and diagonal. Each line represents various movement and design options

Vertical Lines

• A line that extends straight up from the floor; opposite of horizontal

Horizontal Line

• A line parallel to the floor; opposite of vertical

Diagonal Lines

• A slanting line between horizontal and vertical lines

Weight Line

* Concentration of hair within an area that gives the appearance of heaviness and density

Parallel Lines

* Consistently traveling in the same direction at an equal distance apart

Disconnected Lines

* Not connected; independent lines that normally do not blend; having a defined break in the design

Angle

* The space formed in between the point where two lines join; combination of two straight lines joined together, producing various effects and qualities

Guideline

* The first section of hair that is cut to serve as a guide to determine the length and/or shape

Stationary Guide

• A fixed guideline that does not move

Traveling Guide

• A guideline that moves around or passes from one section to another

Interior Guideline

• A guide that is inside the haircut, not around the hairline or perimeter; this will create less weight and more softness to the perimeter