Phylogenetic Trees (1)

another name for phylogenetic tree

phylogeny or evolutionary tree

phylogenetic tree

diagrammatic depiction of organisms that are connected through common descent, show the evolutionary history of organisms and is not just a way to group organisms

root

most common ancestor for every species in the tress

outgroup

present day, least related, shares the most distant ancestor

Terminal Nodes (in Phylogenetic tree)

at the end of branches represent a group living or extinct

sister taxa

Groups of organisms that share an immediate common ancestor and hence are each other's closest relatives.

internal nodes

nodes that occur within a phylogeny and represent ancestors

t or false we done the tree, we are going back in time

true

t or false taxa are more closely related to each other when they have more recent common ancestor

true

Cladogram

the only info is branching pattern and order; branch length provides no info

time is indicated from ancestor to descendant

Phylogram

branch length indicates level of divergence

longer branch means greater number of genetic changes from common ancestor

shorter branch developed a little slower

nice looking tree

tree provides info on timing and ecology, but little info on exact branching

monophyletic group (clade)

group that contains all descendants of a particular ancestor, Monophyletic groups are only "real" groups of organism