symbiosis

What is the term for the full set of microorganisms associated with a host?

microbiome

Give 2 examples of nutrients provided by symbionts.

Amino acids, vitamins (also: sterols, sugars, fatty acids)

What is endosymbiosis

Symbionts live inside host cells

What is ectosymbiosis?

Symbionts live on host surfaces or in gut lumen

Name a symbiont that protects aphids from parasitoid wasps.

Hamiltonella

Which symbiont produces antibiotics to protect bee wolf larvae?

Streptomyces

Name the bacterial symbiont that partners with nematodes to kill insects.

Photorhabdus

How do arbuscular mycorrhizae benefit plants?

Help absorb phosphorus

How do termite gut microbes help termites?

Digest cellulose

Name 2 ways defensive symbionts protect hosts.

Toxin production; Bodyguard provision

What is a holobiont?

Host + its microbiome (functional unit that coevolves)

What benefit does the nematode gain from Photorhabdus?

Toxins to kill insect hosts

What benefit does Photorhabdus gain from the nematode?

Transport into insect host + habitat for replication