EXPH 2115 Key Terms -- Lecture 1 Intro to Exercise Physiology

Exercise Physiology

the study of the stress of physical activity on the body

acute exercise

a single bout of exercise

chronic exercise

exercise training to induce adaptations

Homeostasis during exercise

changes in physiological variables needed to maintain critical function

Environmental Physiology

the study of the stress of environmental conditions (e.g. temp, altitude, pressure, noise) on the body

Bioenergetics

study of energy-exchanging (and thus energy-generating) reactions in living things

energy

capacity to do work (e.g. it takes ~100 kcal/mile)

Calories (Kcals)

a unit of energy, and the energy needed to raise 1 kg (L) of water 1 degree C (= 1,000 calories)

Exercise

Planned, structured, and repetitive physical activity for the purpose of improving/maintaining health/function

Physical Activity

any bodily movement beyond resting conditions

Activities of daily living (ADLs)

essential and routine tasks related to independent living (e.g. showering, dressing, cleaning)

Chronic Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CAD, stroke), Cancer, Type II Diabetes (and obesity, arthritis, dementia…)

Metabolic Syndrome

having at least 3 of 5 (hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia (high tri, low HDL), visceral adiposity)

Evolutionary Mismatch Theory

perspective that living in an environment discordant to one we evolved in contributes to poorer health

Scientific Literature

the journals in which peer-reviewed research studies are published (where evidence accumulates)

Epistemology

branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and limits of human knowledge (facts vs. opinions)

Longitudinal Study design

research involving repeated observations of certain variables in the same subjects over time

Cross-sectional study design

research comparing measurements taken at one time of people with different representative characteristics

experimental study design

research that applies an intervention to subjects, ideally blinded with randomization and a control group

observational study design

correlational research where researchers compare groups but don’t assign or control subject behavior

wearable technology

general term for worn electronic devices used to track physiological or fitness-related data

ancient history

era of recorded history before 500 AD (back to ~3,000 BC)

Hippocrates

Greek physician of 400 BC who established medicine as a discipline with disease a natural phenomenon

Galen

activity-promoting Roman era (200 AD) doctor whose anatomy and physiology text persisted until 1500 AD

The Renaissance

inspired transitional period of ~15-16th century Europe with advancement in art, anatomy, astronomy, etc.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

17th century Dutch microbiologist and microscopist

The Enlightment

17-18th century philosophical movement that precipitated evidence-based rationality and liberalism

Antonie Lavoisier

late 18th century French scientist who advanced understanding in many areas including O2 combustion

A. V. Hill

Early 20th century British physiologist and muscle biochemist who helped elucidate energy metabolism

Harvard Fatigue Lab

foundational exercise physiology lab at Harvard University (1927-1947)

Douglas bag

device used to collect expired air for analysis

ergometer

apparatus on which work is performed (i.e. energy expended) and measured

Philip Gollnick

exercise physiologist who developed the muscle biopsy technique furthering understanding of muscle function

Barbara Drinkwater

Exercise physiologist pioneering work in female physiology and female sports participation advocacy

Katherine Switzer

first woman to officially finish the Boston Marathon (1967), advocate for female sports participation

Joan Benoit-Samuelson

winner of the first women’s Olympic marathon in 1984