Exam #1 Vocab

mutualism

both species benefit from interaction

commensalism

one species benefits, one unaffected

neutralism

populations do not affect one another

ammensalism

one species is unaffected, one is disadvantaged

predation/parasitism

one species benefits, one is disadvantaged

competition

each species affected negatively

parasitism (ecological)

a relationship where one organism (parasite) benefits at the expense of another (host)

ectoparasites

live on the host’s surface (e.g., lice)

endoparasites

live inside the host’s body (e.g., tapeworms)

castrators

inhibit host reproduction (e.g., Schistosoma haematobium)

body snatchers

control host behavior for their benefit

obligatory

require a host for life cycle (e.g., Ascaris lumbricoides)

facultative

usually free-living but can be parasitic (e.g., Naegleia fowleri)

opportunistic

infect hosts under certain conditions (e.g., Pneumocystis jirovecii)

hyperparasites

parasites that infect other parasites (e.g., tapeworm larvae in fleas)

macroparasites

larger parasites that can be counted (e.g., worms/fleas)

microparasites

smaller, harder to quantify (e.g., viruses/bacteria)

protozoa

amoebas, flagellates, and malarial organisms

helminths

parasitic worms such as the flukes, tapeworms, and roundworms

arthropods

insects and arachnids that are ectoparasites and carriers (vectors) of diseases)