The Skeletal System: Introduction to the Skeletal System and Skeletal Tissues

The skeleton provides __________ support by serving as a frame for other soft tissues.

structural

Bones and muscles work together to produce __________ movement.

skeletal

The __________ protects the brain.

skull

The __________ protects the spinal cord.

vertebrae

The ribcage protects __________ organs.

thoracic

The pelvis protects __________ and reproductive organs.

urinary

Yellow marrow is associated with __________ storage in the skeletal system.

energy

Calcium and magnesium are examples of __________ storage in the skeletal system.

mineral

All types of cartilage contain a solid matrix with a ground substance that includes __________ sulfate.

chondroitin

The high water content in cartilage allows it to resist __________.

compression

Cartilage cells are called __________, which reside in tiny spaces called lacunae.

chondrocytes

The most abundant type of cartilage is __________ cartilage.

hyaline

Hyaline cartilage contains __________ fibers only.

collagen

Elastic cartilage allows for __________ recoil.

elastic

The cartilage in the external ear is an example of __________ cartilage.

elastic

Fibrocartilage is known for its high content of __________ fibers.

collagen

Intervertebral discs are a location of __________ cartilage.

fibrocartilage

Compact bone is characterized as __________ dense bone tissue.

solid

The outer layer of all bones is made up of __________ bone.

compact

Spongy bone is made of interconnected columns of bone tissue called __________.

trabeculae

The __________ surrounds and protects bones.

periosteum

The periosteum contains two layers: an outer fibrous layer and an inner __________ layer.

cellular

The __________ is a non-continuous connective tissue layer on the inner surface of the bone.

endosteum

Bone tissue is composed of bone cells and a matrix of hydroxyapatite and __________ fibers.

collagen

Bone matrix is primarily composed of __________ percent inorganic components.

65

The mineral salts are primarily made of calcium and __________ crystals.

phosphate

Bone tissue begins as a liquid called __________ before solidifying into a matrix.

osteoid

Osteoblasts secrete the liquid precursor to bone matrix, called __________.

osteoid

Osteoblasts become trapped in lacunae and differentiate into __________.

osteocytes

Osteoclasts dissolve old bone matrix by secreting __________ acid.

hydrochloric

Compact bone has structures called __________ arranged around central canals.

osteons

The central canal in an osteon contains __________ and nerves.

blood vessels

The layers of an osteon are called __________ lamellae.

concentric

Tiny canals that connect osteocytes are called __________.

canaliculi

____________ canals connect central canals to each other and to the periosteum.

Perforating

The microscopic structure of spongy bone is formed by layers of la __________ and osteocytes in lacunae.

lamellae

Trabeculae in spongy bone are too small to contain __________ or vascularization.

osteons

Structures called __________ fill the gaps between cylindrical osteons.

interstitial lamellae

Osteocytes in lacunae maintain the integrity of the __________ matrix.

bone

The __________ contains fibroblasts and bone remodeling cells.

inner cellular layer of periosteum

Hyaline cartilage can be found in locations such as the __________ and larynx.

costal cartilages

Elastic cartilage is found in the __________ of the larynx.

epiglottis

The main function of fibrocartilage is to resist __________ and compression.

pulling forces

The pubic symphysis is an example of a location where __________ cartilage is found.

fibrocartilage

The outermost layers of compact bone are called __________ lamellae.

circumferential

The gaps between osteons in compact bone are filled with __________ lamellae.

interstitial

Bone cells that are responsible for bone growth are called __________ cells.

osteogenic

The __________ layer of the periosteum surrounds the outer surface of the bone.

outer fibrous

Within the endosteum, bone remodeling cells include __________ and osteoclasts.

osteoblasts

The primary function of osteoclasts is to __________ bone matrix.

dissolve

Osteocytes communicate and share nutrients through small membrane channels called __________ junctions.

gap

The microscopic structure of spongy bone consists of several layers of __________ forming each trabecula.

lamellae

The __________ in bones serve as a source of blood supply and nerve supply.

central canals

The inner cellular layer of the periosteum contains bone stem cells and __________ cells.

remodeling

A site where cartilage connects two bones is called a __________.

joint

Joints allow for __________ and movement between bones.

articulation

Compact bone is heavier than __________ bone due to its dense structure.

spongy