world war 1 russian revolution jx

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Desire to unit all people with a common language, race, and culture under a single government

nationalism

The move to establish over seas empires; this resulted in increased rivaleries

imperialism

Site of the assassination that triggered the war

Sarajevo, 1914

The assassin was a nationalist of this country

Serbia

Germany’s response to Russian troop mobilization

Declaring war

Nation that wanted to create a Slavic state

Serbia

American president who led the US at the peace conference

Woodrow Wilson

Agreement to stop fighting until a treaty could be written

armisice

Site of the peace conference

Versailles

Major power newly active in the Balkans

Germany

European nation engaged in this race to build their strength

Armaments race

Members of the Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Slavic nation, a major power that supported Serbia’s Pan-slavism

Russia

Leader assassinated

Archduke Franz Ferdinand, 1914

The final terms offered for a settlement

ultimatum

Russia’s action to prepare to defend Serbia

mobilizing its troops

Neutral country invaded by Germany

Belgium

Event that brought Great Britain into the war

invasion of Belgium

Germany and its allies

Central Powers

Britain and its partners in the war

Allied Powers (Allies)

Woodrow Wilson’s statement of Allied aims for the war

Fourteen Points

The Big Four of the peace conference

Britain, France, Italy, and the US

Germany had to agree to these payments for war damages

reparations

By signing the treaty, Germany admitted this

“that it alone was guilty of starting the war”

Members of the Triple Entente

France, Russia, Great Britain

The powder keg of Europe

Balkans

Route Germany proposed to build through the Balkans

Berlin to Baghdad railroad

Far East nation that declared war as Britain’s ally

Japan

Empire that joined Germany and Austria

Ottoman Empire, November 1914

Germany’s new leader

Kaiser Wilhelm II, 1890’s

British passenger liner sunk by Germany submarines

Lusitania

German policy that drew the US into the war

unrestricted submarine warfare

Why the US entered the war, according to Woodrow Wilson

“To make the world safe for democracy”

Event that caused Russia to drop out of the war

Russian Revolution

Nation that lost more territory than Germany did

Russia

International organization created by the peace traties

League of Nations

Major country that never joined the League

the US

Three areas in which Germany challenged Great Britain

Naval strength, colonial expansion, world trade

Germany’s reason for invading a neutral country

To knock France out the war quickly

Balkan nation that entered the war as Germany’s ally

Bulgaria, October 1915

Austrian territory that Serbia wanted; Where the assassination took place

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Secret message that outraged Americans

Zimmerman telegram

Three empires that had fallen

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia; by 1919

Two entirely new nations created out of the old Dual Monarchy

Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia

Russia’s ruler

Tsar Nicholas II, from 1894 until 1917

Important strategic body that remained loyal to the tsar

Army, 1905

One of the three groups who protested their discontent

Students, workers, peasants

Revolutionary council of workers and soldiers

Soviet

The radial socialists

Bolsheviks

Class, very small in Russia, that Marx expected would revolt

Proletariat

Symbolic revolutionary color adopted by the communists

Red

Temporary government set up in Russia

The provisional government, March 1917

New communist capital of the USSR

Moscow

Guiding economic system of the USSR

socialism

Fate of the tsar and his family

execution

Secretary general of the Communist Party and Lenin’s sucessor

Joseph Stalin

Type of state established by Stalin

Totalitarian (or police) state

Type of economy Stalin established

Planned (or completely controlled) economy

Main rivals for post-Lenin leadership

Trotsky and Stalin

Russian people who lived in poverty after being freed

Peasants (former serfs)

World War I Russian soldiers lacked these necessities

Good equipment, supplies, and leadership

Capital of tsarist Russia

Petrograd (St. Petersburg)

The Russian people were promised these in 1905 but never got them

civil Liberties

Groups that rivaled the temporary government for power

Soviets

The seizure of power in Russia

Bolshevik Revolution (Second Russian Revolution), November 1917

Russia’s official new name

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Tsar and tsarina who were the last ruling monarchs of Russia

Nicholas and Alexandra

Lenin’s modified version of Marxist theory

Marxism-Leninism

Where the revolution had to take place according to Marx, in order to be sucessful

All over the world

Where the revolution should stay for now, according to Stalin

in the USSR only

Master plans of Soviet growth

5-year-plans

All farms, under Stalin

collectives

Defeat in a war against this small country exposed the Russian government’s weakness

Japan, 1904-1905

New name for the Bolsheviks

Communist party, 1918

After the second revolution Russia suffered through 3 years of this

civil war

The military forces of the new government

Red Army

Russian family whose rule ended

Romanovs, 1917

Lack of this made it difficult to build a Marxist society

Industry and industrial workers

People who carried out the revolution instead of the workers

Small (minority) group of Bolsheviks

Wave of executions like the French Reign of Terror

Red Terror

Stalin’s “purification” or removal of everyone not loyal to him

Purges

Lev Bronstein, brilliant party organiser

Leon Trotsky

Parliament created after the 1905 uprising

Duma

Decree that promised individual liberties and limited elections

October Manifesto, 1905

The Romanov monarchy ended when the tsar did this

Abdicated, March 1917

Lenin’s slogan

“Land, peace, and Bread”

World War II participants with whom Russia signed peace treaties in 1918

Central Powers

Russian who fought the communists from 1917 to 1920

the Whites

Western nation that helped the Whites with money, arms, and troops

Allies (France, Britain, Japan, and US)

Lenin’s economic policy. which was not pure Marxism

New Economic policy

Lenin’s economic policy allowed for some of this

Free enterprise

Organization that agitated for the overthrow of capitalist governments

Comintern

Italy invaded this independent African country

Ethiopia

Spanish fascist leader

General Francisco Franco

Conference that now symbolizes appeasement and surrender

Munich Conference

The three major Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, and Japan

English statesman elected to replace Chamberlain

Winston Churchill

Germany signed a nonaggression treaty with this country

Soviet Union, 1939

Vast country Germany invaded in violation of the nonaggression treaty

Soviet Union, 1941

The three leading Allied statesmen who met often during the war years

Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin