IMOS Midterm 2023 Practice Exam

UF IDS2935: Impacts of Material Science Quest Fall 2023 Midterm

What are the "oxhide ingots" found on ancient shipwrecks made of and what can they tell us about trade?

Bronze impurities; help us understand the origin of the brnoze and trace the trade routes

Some say the Bronze age ended because of entanglement? explain

• the Bronze Age depended on critical trade routes between many places like Turkey. Egypt, and Afganistan

• these trade routes were disrupted by drought and famine

• sea people broke the system

Why did we need pottery to increase the nutritional value of food?

cooking food releases nutrients

Why was hydraulic cement so important to Ancient Rome?

• used to build ports and aqueducts over rivers

• could cure underwater

What is “arcuated construction” and why was it popular in Ancient Rome?

• arches used concrete and bricks because the structure is under compression

• concrete is the strongest under compression

Timgad was a beautiful concrete cuty built in Northern Africa. How did this help recruit soldiers?

• Timgad was reserved for citizen

• soldiers could gain citizenship after serving

In the extraction of Silver from Copper why is it necessary to follow liquation with
cupellation?

• after liquidation, the silver has moved from the copper to the lead

• you need to seperate the silver from the lead using cupellation

In Dr. Curta’s lecture he discussed the Danish scientist Jurgenson who tasked to
with sorting a museums collections. What system did he invent to help with this process?

Organizing samples in the collections based on their material origin (ex. stone, bronze iron ages)

What is the defect in metals that make them ductile and what do we do to
metals to make them stronger/harder?

Dislocations;

• slow them down by tangling them with each other (work hardening)

• putting in roadblock (solid solution hardening)

The melting point of sand was too high to make glass in ancient times so they
added network modifiers. What is a network modifier and what element was most
commonly used as a network modifier?

Network modifiers limit the network of glasses; sodium (Natron) is used as a network modifier

Between Montmorillonite and Kaolinite which is better to use for making
dishes/pottery and why?

Kaolinite has a lower shrink to swell ratio; more reistant to cracking during firing

In the extraction of gold using amalgamation, what metal is used and why is it
important to crush the rocks?

Mercury is needed to expose Gold; so it can dissolve in the Mercury

Give one fun thing you would do to the SWAMP stadium to improve the fan
experience using functional ceramics

Ex. Piezoelectric sensors to pick up stomping or adjust light intesity

Why did the Corningware plate essentially explode after it was scratched and hit
with a hammer?

• the middle of the plate is in tension and the outside in compression from the shrinking of the middle during cooling

• lots of stored mechanical energy waiting to be released

When discussing a material and its use, what is the difference between an
affordance and a constraint?

• affordance: the desired or useful property

• constraint: undesired or limiting property

Why was the invention of Cuneiform needed in early society? Give 2 examples
of social needs that drove this invention.

1. recording deeds

2. financial transactions

3. recording stories

In Dr. Gillespie’s lecture she talks about a “Thing” when discussing entanglement.
What is the definition of a “thing”?

a gathering

In terms of intrinsic vs extrinsic value, why was it important to minimize touching
the gold during its recovery from the USS Central America?

Gold coins are worth more if unblemished and have higher extrinsic value compared to the raw gold value

Give 3 examples of how companies are addressing sustainability in their supply
chain.

1. sustainable energy for production

2. responsible sourcing of raw materials

3. recycling of end of use products

Using the phase diagram below what are 2 advantages to using 7 atomic percent
As vs 3 atomic percent As when making bronze?

• more As means stronger bronze, as long as its soluable

• lower melting points means its easier to make

What is the difference between money and currency?

• money: any medium of exchange

• currency: money that has a value backed by a state of government

Concrete manufacturing is a major source of the green house gas CO2. What
two steps in the making of cement (clinker) account for most of the green house (CO2)
emissions?

1. release of CO2 from heating limestone to make clinker

2. energy required to heat the clinker

When firing clay to make a ceramic object it is critical to get above 1000°C, what
irreversible reaction occurs at these temperatures in clay? (describe what happens in the clay)

form permanent Si-O-Si bridging bonds between the layers

Why do we cover concrete sidewalks with plastic after we pour it?

concrete is stronger if cured under moist conditions; helps the reactions proceed

Give an example of reduction technology and an additive technology used in ancient times?

• reduction technology: spear point making by flint knapping

• additive technology: making clay pot