"Probably napping" OHS quiz 1

What is the clinical term for the "moist epithelial lining of the oral cavity"?

mucosa

the depression between the nose and upper lip, extraorally, is called the

philtrum

what is the function of palatine tonsils

responsibile for removing toxins

The correct terminology for the underside of the tongue is________?

ventral surface

Where is the retromolar pad found?

behind mandibular third molars

What is the area called where the root meets the crown?

cementoenamel junction

What is the difference between the anatomical and clinical crown?

Anatomical crown: whole crown that is covered by enamel (covered by gingiva or not)
Clinical crown: part of the crown that is visible in the mouth (above the gingiva)

What is the area called on the root of a tooth where the nerves enter the tooth?

apex

What is the most densely mineralized and hardest tissue in the body?

enamel

What type of stimulus does nerve tissue respond to?

pain (Pain is the only response the nerve of the pulp/root canal can emit once stimulated)

If the cusp is the mountain what is the "valley" area called?

fossa (depression or concave area)

What do you call the spaces between teeth that help to reduce occlusal (biting) forces?

embrasures

vestibule

space between the lips/cheeks and the teeth

transverse ridge

when two triangular ridges connect

vermillion broder

outline of lips

labial commissures

where corner of upper and lower lips meet

uvula

hangs from posterior margin or soft palate

retromolar pad

dense pad of tissues behind mandibular 3rd molars

palatal torus

bony projection that is on palate (maxilla and mandible)

osteoblasts

bone building cells

osteoclasts

bone resorbing cells

buccal mucosa

mucous membrane lining cheek

main functions of teeth

incisors -to cut
canines- to tear
molars - to grind

which premolar can have 3 cusps?

mandibular 2nd premolar

trifurcation

3 roots present (16,17,26,27)

bifurcation

2 roots present (24/14)

hypercemenosis

excess cementum on outside of root

Cause?
- trauma
-inflammation
-developmental effect

Treatment?
-more conservative

dilaceration

unecpected root curvature

supernumerary roots

extra root

periodontal ligament (PDL)

support structure found between cementum on the root and the alveolar bone

what teeth normally have no distal contact and has the most varied form?

3rd molar

What can happen if too much pressure is applied too quickly when moving teeth during orthodontic treatment?

root resorption

maxillary first molar

6 year molar
First permanent tooth to erupt in the mouth
the Cusp of Carabelli
rhomboid shape
divergent roots

ankylosis

tongue tie- lingual frenum is short and attached close to the tongue

structure of teeth

crown, root, joined by CEJ

enamel, cementum, dentin

hard tissue

soft tissue

pulp

enamel

• its strength is resistant to wear but consider excessive mechanical and/or chemical effects
  

• protects against bacteria, mild acids, tooth decay
  

• smooth surface - easy to self clean
  

• outer covering of crown
  

• colour varies in thickness
  

• most densely mineralized and hardest tissue in the body

dentin

• main portion/bulk of tooth

• underlying structure on crown AND root

• second hardest tooth structure

• 70% inorganic; 30% organic

cementum

• outer covering of the root

• has voids that expose dentin

• provides attachment sire for periodontal ligament

• thin at cervical line but increases near apex

• 3rd hardest tooth structure

• 65%inorganic;23% organic , 12% water

pulp

sensation area of tooth

pulp cavity

entire cavity within the tooth, including pulp canal and pulp chambers

pulp chambers

• where nerve lives

• cavity in the centre of the tooth that normally contains the major portion of the dental pulp. the pulp canal lead into the pulp chambers.

pulp horn

extension of pulp tissue into a thin point of the pulp chamber in the tooth crown

developmental grooves

lines where lobes join (highway)

pits

pinpoint depression found in grooves (potholes)

How is the division of quadrants different than the divisions of sextants?

4 quadrants, 6 sextants

When an anterior tooth first erupts what are the ridges called on the incisal edge?

mamelons

when is the period of mixed dentition?

6-12 years old

What is the sequence for naming teeth?

1. dentition
2. arch
3. quadrant
4. tooth name

What is the smallest and most symmetrical of all permanent teeth?

mandibular central incisors

which tooth has the widest crown mediodistally of any permanent anterior teeth?

maxillary central incisors

Differences between maxillary and mandibular canines

• max canines have the longest roots

• max canines are wider

• eruption date: max 11-12 years; mand 9-10 years

• mandibular canines may be bifurcated

maxillary central incisor

• Eruption: 7-8years

• "The widest out of the centrals"

• Mesio-incisal edge is 90 degrees

• Disto-incisal edge is rounded

• Triangular in shape

• Mesial greatest cervical curvature

• Single conical root

• Slants lingually

• Cingulum is off center to distal

• Lingual groove may be present

maxillary lateral incisor

• Eruption between 8-9 years

• Root is longer than central incisors

• More rounded

• More convex labially

• More Pronounced mesial cervical

• Resembles central but smaller and but all features are more pronounced

• Deeper lingual groove

• Deeper fossa

• More prominent cingulum

• Curves to the distal

• Longer root then max

maxillary canine

• Eruption: between 11-12 years

• Root has blunt apex, distal curvature

• Shallow labial grooves

• Well developed lingual

• Note 2 fossae

• Developmental depressions may look like two roots

• Wider labio-ligually

• Mesial slop is shorter

• 4 ridges: labial,lingual, mesio-incisal, disto-incisal

• 1 cusp

• Cusp tip in line with long axis

mandibular central incisors

• Eruption: 6-7 years

• Not conical in shape

• lingual pits

• Wider labio-lingual

• Incisal edge is lis lingual in relation to the long axis and Slants labially

• Edge is usually rounded

• Labial is very smooth

• Cervical line more curved

mandibular lateral incisors

• Eruption: between 7-8 years

• Slightly bigger, wider, longer

• Thicker linguo incisal ridge

• Greater mesial cervical curvature

• Root is wider, thicker, longer

• Sharper mesial angle

• Distal lobe is larger, appears rotated on it

• Wider labio-lingual

• Contact incisal third

• More pronounced lingual

• More rounded

• Deeper developmental grooves

mandibular canine

• eruption: 11-12 years old

• mesial slop shorter

• lingual surface more smooth, less distinct

• root shorter than max, longest of mand

• narrower than max

• thinner lingual ridges

• wider labio-lingually

• cusp tip lingually inclined, slants lingually

How many roots does the maxillary first premolar have ?

2 roots

How is the maxillary second premolar different than the maxillary first premolar?

• more rounded, less angular

• buccal cusps shorter, less pointed

• lingual cusp larger

which premolar can have 3 cusps?

mandibular 2nd premolar

how many roots does a permanent molar have?

3 roots

How is the mandibular first molar different from the mandibular second molar?

First molar erupts @ age 6, 5 cusps vs 4 for second

Mandibular 1st Premolar

• eruption 10-12 years

• always smaller than 2nd premolar

• resembles canine

• mesial cusp ridge shorter

• tip of cusps centered

• transverse ridge cause 2 fossaes

• lingual cusp much smaller/narrower

• single rooted; very occasionally two roots

• buccal outline longer than lingual crown tilts lingually

mandibular 2nd premolar

• eruption 11-12 years

• always larger than 1st premolar

• 2 cusp type - single lingual lobe

• 3 cusp type - 2 lingual cusps from 2 lobes

• longer toot than 1st premolar

• apex curves distally

• no tendency to bifurcate

• higher marginal ridges - functions like molar

• mesial marginal ridge higher than distal

• buccal cusp shorter than 1st premolar

• more developed lingual cusp

maxillary 1st premolar

• eruption 10-11 years

• similar to max canine

• buccal cusp centered over root

• more curved CEJ

• lingual cusp shorter than facial cusp by 1mm

• more shallow distal marginal groove less curved CEJ

• hexagonal shape

maxillary 2nd premolar

• eruption 10-12 years

• ovoid shape

• buccal cusp not as long as 1st premolar/less pointed

• lingual cusp longer than 1st premolar

• lingual cusp almost as long as buccal

• looks more like molar-more rounded less angular

• no developmental groove or depress on mesial

• usually single rooted/occasionally bifurcated

• CEJ both same pattern but flatter

maxillary first molar

• Eruption: 6-7 years

• MB cusp is broader

• DB cusp is sharper & longer

• Rhomboidal outline sides unequal in length: DM ridge is shorter

• MM Ridge is longer

• Root Trunk is "shortest of all the molars"

• Larger divergent roots than 2nd molar

• palatal root is longest

• Roots 2x length

• Furcations 3-M, 4-B, 5-

• Largest teeth in max arch - 1st tooth to erupt in max arch

• 5cups, 2 buccal, 3 lingual afunctional, "cusp or carabelli"

• CEJ - mesial is more curved/ distal is straighter

maxillary 2nd molar

• "12 year molars"

• Smaller DB cusp

• Buccal groove farther distal than 1st molar

• Roots are smaller & more closely together

• Buccal Roots are equal length

• Root trunk longer so furcation is less cervical

• Shorter occlusalcervically, Narrower mesiodistally

• increase supplemental grooves

• lingual pit usually present

• smaller and shorter DL cusp- sometimes not present

maxillary 3rd molar

• Eruption: 17-21 years

• smaller in all crown proportions

• most wrinkled appearance

• shows greatest variation in all max teeth

• DB cusp much shorter than MB

• DB cusp usually smallest

• Tendency to become impacted

• Roots tend to fuse

• DB root is shortest

• Lingual root is longest

mandibular first molar

• Eruption: 6-7 years

• Narrow at cervical 3rd

• Convex at middle and occlusal 3rd

• 5 cusps

• MB cusp largest ; D cusp smallest, sharpest - all functional

• MB & DB same height
  MB groove - pit
  DB groove

• CEJ- 1mm higher on mesial and lingual

• Largest of all mand teeth 1st permanent to erupt

• Lingual cusps are higher than buccal

• Root trunk shortest of man molars, furcations are more cervical

• Bulge in cervical 3rd

mandibular 2nd molar

• Eruption:11-13

• Buccal groove between buccal cusps

• 4 cusps nearly equal size

• lingual cusps are higher than buccal

• Ususally smaller than 1st mand molar

• not as long M/D , short C/O

• Mesial root is broader

• Same as 1st molar- mesial and distal profiles are more curved

• Rectangular outline

• longer trunk than 1st molar so less cervical

• Lingual groover between lingual cusps - pit

mandibular 3rd molar

• eruption 17-21 years

• smaller than 2nd molar

• 2 buccal cusp, 1 buccal groove

• shows variation in dimensions

• more supplementary

• groove-wrinkled

Teeth with two or three roots have an unbranched area called the

root trunk

What characteristics of a root aid in support of the tooth

1. width of roots
2. shape of roots
3. length of roots
4. # of roots
5. Concavities
6. Direction of PDL fibers

slight movement of tooth is called?

mobility

What an infected tooth is exposed to heat, what can cause pain?

gas

is cementoma painful? Where would it typically be seen?

no (benign), found on mandible and in the molar region

There can be more than one opening at the apical region of a root, if these orifices are on the lateral surface of the root what are these called?

accessory root canals

Which teeth have one root?

• incisors, canines

• mand 1st premolar

• mand 2nd premolar

which teeth have two roots?

mandibular molars
max 1st premolar
max 2nd premolar

which teeth have 3 roots?

max molars

apex

end of root

anatomic root

area of tooth below CEJ dentin covered by cementum

periapical foramen

opening in apex where blood vessels and nerves enter pulp cavity

what would cause the tooth root to be exposed?

Periodontal disease, recession, trauma, pathology

Ways to stimulate nerves

dehydration
root decay
root resorption
abrasion
friction

anoxia

lack of oxygen

injuries that could affect pulp of teeth

Repeated procedures
Large carious lesion/dental filling close to pulp
trauma
exposure
cracked tooth

best predictor of loss of vitality?

cold

pain response to cold

nerve alive but badly inflammed

Alveolar mucosa

-the lining of cheeks
-loosely attached and moveable
-reddish in color from blood vessels under thin unattached mucosa

fordyce granules

Misplaced sebaceous glands

Appearance: yellowish in color embedded in the mucosa

Found on:

Labial mucosa Inner portion of the lips

Buccal mucosa Inner cheek

exotoses

excess bony growth

Alveolar process of the maxilla and mandible - cortical plate (compact bone)

Localized developmental growths of normal bone with a hereditary etiology.

May be single, multiple, unilateral or bilateral

Usually in the canine, premolar to molar region

Covered by normal oral tissue

hard palate

Anterior portion has transverse ridges of epithelial and connective tissue known as RUGAE

Covered in keratinized epithelium

Wide, narrow, have a high arching curvature (vaulted) or flat in its contours.

soft palate

Posterior portion of palate

Non-keratinized tissue

Contains adipose tissue and minor salivary glands

Submucosa thin and firmly attached to muscles for speech and swallowing

Mucosa and muscles function as one unit

palatine tonsils

Masses of lymphoid tissue located between these borders.

maxillary tuberosity

rounded elevation of tissue distal to the last tooth of the maxilla

functions of embrasures

Moves food from contact areas - reduce food impaction

Reduce and dissipate occlusal trauma forces by shunting food