BIO 181 – Exam 2 Study Packet

A set of flashcards to help students review key concepts and facts for the BIO 181 exam.

What organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

Mitochondria

True or False: Osmosis requires energy input from ATP.

False

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following are passive transport processes? (Diffusion, Osmosis, Active transport, Facilitated diffusion)

Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated diffusion

What type of energy barrier do enzymes lower in chemical reactions?

Activation energy

Where in the mitochondria does the Krebs cycle occur?

Mitochondrial matrix

True or False: Chloroplasts are present in animal cells.

False

Which organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

What molecule is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

Oxygen

What model best describes the plasma membrane’s structure?

Fluid mosaic model

What are the three products of glycolysis?

ATP, NADH, Pyruvate

What is the main function of ribosomes?

Protein synthesis

True or False: The smooth ER has ribosomes attached to its surface.

False

Which organelle carries out photosynthesis?

Chloroplast

List three factors that affect enzyme activity.

Temperature, pH, substrate concentration

What gas is released during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Oxygen

The fluid mosaic model describes which cell structure?

Plasma membrane

True or False: Diffusion moves molecules from high to low concentration.

True

Which step of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Electron transport chain

What is the main function of the cytoskeleton?

Structural support and shape of the cell

Which of the following are components of the cytoskeleton? (Microtubules, Lysosomes, Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments)

Microtubules, Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments

What type of gradient drives ATP production in the electron transport chain?

Proton gradient

True or False: Enzymes are consumed in chemical reactions.

False

Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

Chloroplast

Which of the following are active transport processes? (Osmosis, Endocytosis, Sodium-potassium pump, Exocytosis)

Endocytosis, Sodium-potassium pump, Exocytosis

Which organelle has its own DNA and reproduces independently within the cell?

Mitochondria

What process converts light energy into chemical energy?

Photosynthesis

True or False: The Golgi apparatus produces ATP for the cell.

False

What molecule serves as the main energy currency in the cell?

ATP

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide, Water, Light energy

In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?

Cytoplasm

True or False: Active transport moves molecules with their concentration gradient.

False

Where in the mitochondria does the Krebs cycle occur?

Mitochondrial matrix

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

To produce ATP for cellular energy

What are the products of the light reactions in photosynthesis?

ATP, NADPH, Oxygen

What structure controls what enters and exits the cell?

Plasma membrane

True or False: Plant cells contain both mitochondria and chloroplasts.

True

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down waste?

Lysosome

Which kingdoms have eukaryotic cells? (Animal, Plant, Bacteria, Fungi)

Animal, Plant, Fungi

What type of energy do enzymes lower to speed up reactions?

Activation energy

True or False: Facilitated diffusion requires energy.

False

What is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm called?

Cytosol

What process breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules?

Glycolysis

What are the main products of the Krebs cycle?

CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP

Which enzyme generates ATP using the proton gradient?

ATP synthase

True or False: The Calvin cycle requires direct light to occur.

False

Which organelle contains chlorophyll?

Chloroplast

Which factors affect membrane fluidity? (Temperature, Cholesterol, Type of fatty acids, DNA sequence)

Temperature, Cholesterol, Type of fatty acids

What process allows ATP production when oxygen is not available?

Fermentation

True or False: The nucleus has a single membrane.

False