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What is an alkane
a saturated hydrocarbon with only C-C bonds
what is the alkane general formula
CnH2n+2
what is an alkene
an unsaturated hydrocarbon with at least 1 C=C bond
the general formula for an alkene
CnH2n
what is cracking
breaking down of longer chain hydrocarbons into shorter chains
what are the products of complete combustion
CO2 + H2O
what is the test for an alkene
bromine water turning colourless
what is the definition of a base?
anything that neutralises an acid
what is the definition of an alkali?
a soluble base
what is and what are the products of incomplete combustion?
a lack of oxygen can form C, CO, unburnt hydrocarbons, particulates
what does aliphatic mean?
contains carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains
what does aromatic mean?
contains 1+ benzene ring
what does arene mean?
aromatic compound
what does saturated mean?
single bonds only
what does unsaturated mean?
at least 1 C=C bond
what does functional group mean?
part of an organic molecule responsible for chemical reactions
what does homologous series mean?
series of organic compounds with the same functional group, each successive group changing by CH2
what is σ bonding?
orbital from each overlaps head on, providing 1 e- each and is a single covalent bond
what is π bonding?
in an alkene, 3 outer e- go to a σ bond and the 4th is in a p orbital. a pair of p orbitals overlap to form it with the 4th.
is the combustion of alkanes exothermic or endothermic?
exothermic as it releases huge amounts of energy
