Alkanes/ Alkenes

What is an alkane

a saturated hydrocarbon with only C-C bonds

what is the alkane general formula

CnH2n+2

what is an alkene

an unsaturated hydrocarbon with at least 1 C=C bond

the general formula for an alkene

CnH2n

what is cracking

breaking down of longer chain hydrocarbons into shorter chains

what are the products of complete combustion

CO2 + H2O

what is the test for an alkene

bromine water turning colourless

what is the definition of a base?

anything that neutralises an acid

what is the definition of an alkali?

a soluble base

what is and what are the products of incomplete combustion?

a lack of oxygen can form C, CO, unburnt hydrocarbons, particulates

what does aliphatic mean?

contains carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains

what does aromatic mean?

contains 1+ benzene ring

what does arene mean?

aromatic compound

what does saturated mean?

single bonds only

what does unsaturated mean?

at least 1 C=C bond

what does functional group mean?

part of an organic molecule responsible for chemical reactions

what does homologous series mean?

series of organic compounds with the same functional group, each successive group changing by CH2

what is σ bonding?

orbital from each overlaps head on, providing 1 e- each and is a single covalent bond

what is π bonding?

in an alkene, 3 outer e- go to a σ bond and the 4th is in a p orbital. a pair of p orbitals overlap to form it with the 4th.

is the combustion of alkanes exothermic or endothermic?

exothermic as it releases huge amounts of energy