HS 3 - COUNSELING

services provided by school to assist young people in making intelligent choices and adjustments to help them develop their potentials as individuals and as productive members of society​

Guidance

heart of the guidance services

Counseling

foundation or central of guidance

Counseling

a helping process, which is confidential in nature, wherein the individual is assisted in terms of making decision, plans and adjustment​

Counseling

a process which takes place in a one-to-one relationship between an individual troubled by problems with which he cannot cope alone, and a professional worker whose training and experience have qualified him to help others reach solutions to various types of professional difficulties.

Counseling

use of psychological procedures to resolve emotional, behavioral, mental disorders

Psychotherapy

Concentrates on helping normal individual​ (G&C or PT)

Guidance and Counseling

People with emotional, psychological disturbance​ (G&C or PT)

Psychotherapy

Assists young people with adjustment problems​ (G&C or PT)

Guidance and Counseling

With behavioral/mental disorder​ (G&C or PT)

Psychotherapy

concerns with vocational areas, academic problems, interpersonal, educational, marital, personal and social adjustments (G&C or PT)

Guidance and Counseling

with total personality structure ​(G&C or PT)

Psychotherapy

helps the person to adjust to a situation (G&C or PT)

Guidance and Counseling

psychological procedures, psychoanalysis, play therapy, behavior modification (G&C or PT)​

Psychotherapy

a relationship to improve or restore adjustment or functioning ​(G&C or PT)

Guidance and Counseling

amelioration of serious problems ​(G&C or PT)

Psychotherapy

conducted on a shorter duration ​​(G&C or PT)

Guidance and Counseling

longer period of time to achieve goals ​​(G&C or PT)

Psychotherapy

emphasizes on present, conscious materials ​(G&C or PT)

Guidance and Counseling

may emphasize on symbolic and historic materials with consideration of unconscious processes (G&C or PT) ​

Psychotherapy

What do counselors do?

• Gives, interprets psych tests, interview, observe​

• Offer practical suggestions for resolving problems​

• Mostly in schools​

• Not necessarily trained in doctoral level ​

What do psychotherapists do?

• Treat specific mental or emotional disorder​

• Usually a psychiatrist, clinical psychologist​

• Found in clinics, hospitals and private practice​

• Trained under doctoral level or post-doctoral ​

What is the problem solving process

1. Problem Identification

2. Explore Options

3. Decide

4. Act/Implement

5. Evaluate

In problem identification, what are 2 things to identify that is essential

Explore the problem

Define the problem

• What is troubling the person​

• What the person feels, does, thinks,believes​

• What are the conflicting desires andvalues​

• What is missing in her/his life

Questions in?

Explore the problem

where the problem comes from​

Define the problem (Primary)

what factors make the person vulnerable to the problem​

Define the problem (predisposing)

what events happened just before the problem​

Define the problem (trigger)

what keeps the problem a problem​

Define the problem (perpetuating)

Formulate feasible courses of action, asmany as one can think of​

Explore Options

FROM THE MANY OPTIONS,​ DETERMINE WHICH ONES ARE MOSTHELPFUL AND POSSIBLE​

Decide

Monitor the indicators of success

Evaluate

Counseling provides a relationship in which the individual is stimulated

• to evaluate himself and his opportunities​

• to choose a feasible course of action​

• to accept responsibility for his choice​

• to initiate a course of action in line with his choice​

Counseling is not:

• dispensing advice​

• information giving, although information may be given in counseling​

• influencing attitudes, beliefs and behavior by persuading, compelling or threatening​

• selection and assignment of person for jobs or activities​

• not interviewing alone​

8 Assumptions of Counseling

1. Counseling effectiveness is judged by positive client change ​

2. the client is the all-important person in the counseling twosome, the one for whom the activity and the relationship exist.​

3. the counselor cannot merely do what comes naturally, according to his own style​

4. counseling is work, probably the most difficult and rewarding kind of work in which two people can engage​

5. Thinking, feeling and doing have a causal relationship​

6. the counselor is the skilled and competent person in the relationship and the interpersonal helping activity, and to the extent that a counselor is less skilled or competent, then the client in a given behavioral dimension, counseling will be unproductive, even abusive to the client​

7. client self-enhancing behavioral change does not come about mysteriously​

8. All clients live in their own minds, bodies, time and life-space in their own relational and geographical circle. Each client’s data is unique, personally owned and of a particular character having personal meaning and value ​

Factors that the counselor and counselee should have in order to proceed to counseling

• Counseling must be desired by the counselee.​

• The counselor must be willing to help the counselee achieve his goal. ​

primary purpose of counseling

is to assist the individual in self-realization or someone who may not be clear with his goals. ​

Other Purposes of counseling

• It provides the client an opportunity forself-study, decision-making, planningand resolution of personal problems.

• understand what he can do and what should do​

• strengthen his best qualities​

• handle his difficulties rationally ​

• find suitable channels for his emotions​

• move toward his more acceptable self​

Stages of Counseling

1. Beginning/Introduction

2. Middle/Counseling Proper

3. Ending/Termination

rapport, trust, put the counselee at ease; compliment the counselee with something nice about him and get the counselee to talk about something nice that happened to him​ (STAGE)

Beginning/Introduction/​Preliminaries​

state how long the session would last​ (STAGE)

Beginning/Introduction/​Preliminaries

outline the purpose of the session​ (STAGE)

Beginning/Introduction/​Preliminaries

the outcome and the organization of the whole process​ (STAGE)

Beginning/Introduction/​Preliminaries

discuss confidentiality​ (STAGE)

Beginning/Introduction/​Preliminaries

establish a relationship with empathy, warmth and genuineness ​(STAGE)

Beginning/Introduction/​Preliminaries

Fees, missed appointments, frequency of sessions​ (STAGE)

Beginning/Introduction/​Preliminaries

don’t forget the problem-solving process​ (STAGE)

Middle/Counseling Proper​

assessment process – you have to deal with the presenting problem and the diagnosed problem (STAGE)​

Middle/Counseling Proper​

use verbal attending​ and non-verbal attending​ (STAGE)

Middle/Counseling Proper​

use paraphrasing or feedback to ensure that the message received is correct​ (STAGE)

Middle/Counseling Proper​

uses other leads and responses (STAGE)

Middle/Counseling Proper

• open questioning​

• minimal encourages (gestures, nods)​

• repetition of key words to let the client know that you are still with him​

What is this?

Verbal and non-verbal attending

you have to deal with the presenting problem and the diagnosed problem​

Assessment Process

summarizes the session (counselor or client); assist the counselee to assess the achievements of the session​ (STAGE)

The Ending​

debriefing: how do you feel now, ascompared to the time before westarted; assess feelings about the termination​ (STAGE)

The Ending​

Assess accomplished work​ (STAGE)

The Ending​

Agreement or contract/ treatment plan– as basis for future session/referral​ (STAGE)

The Ending​

There is no such this rule in counseling. Likewise, there is no substitute for experience.

Rule of thumb

Counseling Techniques

1. Observation

2. Autobiographical Sketches

3. Anecdotal Records

4. Case Study

5. Cumulative Records

6. Interview

7. Tests

behavior and personality are measured in terms of what he says and does

Observation

is made on several occasion and records are made and kept.​

Observation

an individual’s life story, routine behavior, attitudes, interests and ideals written by himself​

Autobiographical Sketches

2 General Types of Autobiographical Sketches

Controlled

Uncontrolled

Autobiographical Sketch determined by the counselor

Controlled

Autobiographical Sketch outline is determined by the counselee

Uncontrolled

a short description of significant events or incident of an individual’s overt behavior; it provides description of a person’s behavior in various situations​

Anecdotal Records

intensive investigation employing all types of research, making use of tests, checklists, score cards, interviews and observation. ​

Case Study

contains information about the student in his entire stay in school.​

Cumulative Records

heart of the counseling process

Interview

dynamic face to face relationship which is dependent upon the skill of the counselor and the cooperation of the counselee

Interview

It is an opportunity for the individual to make clear his confuse thoughts and feelings and to bring about in the open his inner conflicts​

Interview

these are helpful in gathering additional data about the client.

Tests

Types of Tests

• Achievement Tests

• Intelligence Tests

• Aptitude Tests

• Personality Tests

• Trade Tests

to measure how much one have learned​

Achievement Tests

measure general intelligence, IQ

Intelligence Tests

measures readiness with which the individual increases his knowledge and improve skills when given the necessary opportunity​

Aptitude Tests

gives info about characteristics of the individual​

Personality Tests

designed to determine skills, special abilities that makes an individual fit for a given situation​

Trade Tests

may be necessary when indirect questioning does not work​

Direct Questioning

Other interviewing or counseling tips and were told by who?

• Direct questioning may be necessary when indirect questioning does not work​

• Precaution in the use of touch​

• Limit use of “why” questions​

• Use “Could you tell me more about it”​

• Silence is powerful​

• Observe non-verbal cues.

By Dr. Decatoria, Johnny