SYG2000 Chapter 5 Study Guide

Looking-Glass Self

Charles Cooley’s concept that our self-image results from how we think others perceive us.

Stages of Self

George Herbert Mead’s theory that includes the Preparatory Stage, Play Stage, and Game Stage, outlining how children develop social understanding.

Preparatory Stage

The stage where children imitate people around them.

Play Stage

The stage where children begin to take on roles of significant others.

Game Stage

The stage where children understand their own social position and the positions of others.

Eight Stages of Development

Erik Erikson’s theory that suggests each stage of life presents a crisis that must be resolved for healthy personality development, ranging from trust vs. mistrust in infancy to integrity vs. despair in old age.

Socialization

individuals learn and internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of their culture, essential for societal stability.

Nature vs. Nurture Debate

The discussion on the relative importance of genetics (nature) and social environment (nurture) in shaping individuals and their behaviors.

Family

The primary agent of socialization, which teaches children cultural norms and values.

Schools

Institutions that provide education and socialize children into societal norms, teaching discipline, order, cooperation, and conformity.

Peers

Groups that influence behaviors and social skills, providing adolescents with experiences of independence from adult authority.

Mass Media

Channels that impact attitudes and behaviors through exposure to various forms of content, shaping perceptions and providing role models.

Workplace

Environments that socialize individuals into organizational culture and professional roles, teaching skills and norms related to specific jobs.

Childhood

The initial phase of socialization where children learn language, norms, and values from families and early education.

Adolescence

A transitional phase in socialization with increased peer influence and exploration of identity and independence.

Adulthood

A period of continued socialization through work, relationships, and family, where adults adapt to new roles and expectations.

Old Age

A stage of socialization related to retirement and aging, where older adults may face changes in social roles and status.