Chapter 7- DNA profiling

No two people share the same DNA, with the exception of

Identical twins

Forensic biologists compare DNA samples by looking at how many STR markers?

13

What does the PCR technique do to DNA?

amplifies specific DNA sequences, creating millions of identical copies from a small sample through repeated cycles of heating and cooling

Describe the CODIS

Combined DNA Index System, is a computer software program that operates national, state, and local DNA databases used by law enforcement to link crimes and identify offenders

_________of a child's STR markers are identical to his mother.

50%

On a pedigree, What shape indicates male?

A square

On a pedigree, what shape indicates female?

A circle

Which human cell does NOT contain DNA?

Mature red blood cells

Introns

Non-coding sequences of DNA that are found within genes and are removed from RNA during a process called splicing before it is translated into a protein

Exons

A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence

Locus

The specific, fixed position of a gene or other DNA sequence on a chromosomes

STRs

Short tandem repeat, which refers to a specific type of DNA sequence where a short, respecting unit of bases

What does the AMEL marker indicate?

Determines the chromosomal sex of DNA sample donor

What gender is XX?

female

What gender is XY?

male

STR analysis is helpful for determining which of the following types of ancestry?

parental lineage, time scale, and applications

What are the 4 Nitrogen base pairs found in DNA?

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

What does a homozygous genotype mean?

Occurs when an individual inherits two identical alleles for a specific gene from both parents

How do you properly collect DNA evidence?

Using sterile tools, wearing personal protective equipment to recent contamination, and following specific protocols for different sample types like swabs for a cheek or a wet/ dry swabbing method for surfaces

(GAAT)(GAAT)(GAAT)(GAAT)(GAAT) is an example of...

Is an example if short tandem repeat (STR)

In a cell, is there more mtDNA or nuclear DNA?

There is much more nuclear DNA in a cell than mitochondrial DNA by total amount

Where is DNA found in a cell? (which organelle)

The nucleus

How can you tell which STR loci in a profile are homozygous?

Identifying a single pea on electropherogram at that locus

How can you tell which STR loci has the greatest number of repeats?

by its fragment length as demented by capillary electrophoresis

How can you tell which DNA fragment is the longest on a STR graph?

by looking at the position of the peaks along the x-axis