CSP Homework 7

Computing device

an electronic machine that can acquire, process, store, and retrieve data electronically, typically performing arithmetic and logic operations without human intervention

Computers

an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.

Tablet

a mobile computing device characterized by a flat, rectangular form factor, a touchscreen interface, and a portable, lightweight design, primarily used for media consumption, web browsing, and light productivity

Server

a computer or system that provides resources, services, or functionality to other computers or devices (clients) on a network

Router

a networking device that connects two or more distinct networks and directs data packets between them by determining the most efficient path for the data to reach its destination

Smart sensor

a device that integrates a sensing element with onboard computational and communication capabilities

Computing system

a collection of hardware and software components integrated to process data and accomplish a shared purpose

Computer network

a collection of interconnected computing devices (hosts) and peripheral devices, connected by communication links, that allow for data and resource sharing and communication using established rules called network protocols

Path

a string that identifies the location of a file or directory within a file system, representing a sequence of directories leading to a target item

Routing

the process of selecting and defining paths for data packets to travel from a source to a destination within or across computer networks

Bandwidth

the maximum data transfer rate of a network or internet connection, measured in bits per second (bps), and represents the capacity of a network path to carry data

The Internet

a global system of interconnected computer networks that enables communication and data exchange between devices worldwide using the TCP/IP protocol suite

Protocol

a standardized set of rules and procedures that govern how devices communicate and exchange data over a network

Open protocols

a communication standard whose specifications are publicly available, allowing anyone to implement and use it in their hardware or software without needing permission, proprietary licenses, or fees

Scalability

the ability of a system to handle a growing amount of work or to be enlarged to accommodate that growth without a significant drop in performance

Sata stream

a sequence of data elements made available over time

Packets

a small, formatted unit of data used to transmit information across a network, consisting of user data (payload) and control information (header and sometimes a trailer) that includes addressing and error-checking details

IP (Internet Protocol)

a fundamental network protocol responsible for the logical addressing and routing of data packets across networks, enabling devices to communicate by providing a common method for identifying hosts and delivering data between them

TCP (Transmissions Control Protocol)

a reliable, connection-oriented protocol that operates at the transport layer of the TCP/IP model, ensuring data integrity, order, and timely delivery over networks

UDP (User datagram protocol)

a transport layer protocol for sending messages over a network without establishing a prior connection

The World Wide Web

an information system on the internet which allows documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by moving from one document to another.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

an application-layer protocol that defines how web browsers and servers exchange messages, typically over a TCP/IP network, to retrieve and transfer web resources like HTML pages

Fault-tolerant

designed to continue functioning correctly, or at least with minimal disruption, even when one or more of its components fail or experience faults

Redundancy

the duplication of critical components, information, or functions to improve a system's reliability and fault tolerance

Sequential computing

computational model where instructions and tasks are executed in a strict, linear order, one after the other, without any parallel processing

Parallel computing

a computational model that divides a large, complex problem into smaller tasks and solves them simultaneously on multiple processors or cores, rather than sequentially, to accelerate processing time and improve efficiency

Distributed computing

a system where multiple independent computers, connected by a network, work together to solve a single complex problem or perform a single task