applied AOS 2

Encryption

a security control where data is encoded or scrambled so it is unreadable by unauthorised people

Types of Encryption

Symmetric Key Encryption, Asymmetric Key Encryption

Symmetric Key Encryption

where the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt the data such as RC4, Blowfish

Asymmetric Key Encryption

where the data is encrypted using a public key, but is decrypted using a private key, known only by the receiver. Such as RSA

Use of Encryption

to protect sensitive data (credit card numbers, personal details) and to prevent any unauthorised access to the system.

Authentication

the method of proving that a user has the right to access the system.

Types of Authentication

Single Factor authentication, Two Factor authentication, Multi factor authentication

Single Factor Authentication

involves ‘something you know’, typically a username and password, to enter into a system.

Two Factor Authentication

involves ‘something you know’ and ‘something you have’. At least two pieces of evidence is required to sign in. Such as a verification code sent to your phone.

Multi Factor Authentication

requires the user to provide 3 or more pieces of evidence to prove their identity. These involve ‘something you know, have and are’. The third element typically uses physical characteristics known as biometric data to further verify your identity.

Data Collection

The act of collecting data help determine project scope, functional and non-functional requirements and constraints.

Methods of Data Collection

Survey, Interview, Report, Observation

Survey

a set of questions asking the user to select from different answers

Advantages of Survey

Inexpensive, immediate results, large sample size.

Disadvantage of Survey

if open ended questions are asked data analysis may take time. Interest may be lost

Interview

A face-to-face meeting for consultative purposes.

Advanatge of Interview

Insightful, primary and in-depth information is collected.

Disadvatge of Interview

Time consuming

Report

A document that provides a summary of findings.

Advantages of Report

Quick, easy and cheap to find.

Disadvantge of Report

Might be unreliable and biased.

Observation

Physically observing how a system operates and how it is used.

Advantage of Observation

Provide an unbiased view. Does not need interaction with people.

Disadvantage of Observation

Time consuming, expensive, people might change behaviour

Functional Requirements

are directly related to what the project will do. E.g. Perform a calculation.

Non Functional Requirements

things that the program should have but does not affect what the program does. These include Usability, Reliability, Portablility, Robustness, Maintainability

Usability

how easy the system is to learn and use.

Reliability

how much it can be depended on to function as designed.

Portability

How easily it can be used in different operating environment

Robustness

How well it responds to errors

Maintainability

How easy it is to look after a software once made

Constraints

Factors that may limit or restrict solution requirements such as economic, technical and Non technical

Economic Constraint

Time and money

Techincal Constraint

technological reason for interuptions in the project

Non technical Constraint

Social, Legal, Usability

Scope

Outlines what the project will and will not do. (Requirements/constraints)

Software Requirements Specification (SRS)

comprises all the elements in the analysis stage, requirements, scope and constraints.

Use of SRS

provides all of the required info about the proposed system in one place. It ensures that the client’s needs are understood, and potential issues have been identified.

Use Case Diagram

Method of describing how a user interacts with a system

Context Diagram

Data Flow Diagram

Indicates the data that is passed in and out of a system.

Convergent thinking

involves coming up with a single, well-established answer to a problem. The design ideas are based on other proven ideas.

Divergent Thinking

involves exploring many possible solutions, using spontaneous free flowing techniques.

Brainstorming

is the process where ideas are presented in a non- judgemental, spontaneous and unstructured way.

Consult End users

Consult those who will be using the product

Generating design ideas

Brainstroming, Consult End users, Mindmapping, Graphic Organisers

Mind Mapping

involves quickly generating and linking ideas

Graphic Organisers

are visual methods of organising ideas. E.g. PMI

Evaluating Deisgn Ideas

Criteria for choosing best design could include ease of use, time it will take, cost, scope for modification, requirement satisfaction etc.

Efficency

concerns how much time, cost and effort has been applied to the achieve the intended results

Effectivenss

how well a solution achieves its intended goals

Criteriia for Effectiveness

Completeness, Readability, Attractiveness, Clariity, Functionality, Accuracy, Accessability, Timeliness, Report Formats, Relavence, Usability, Communication of message

Completeness

were all functional and non functional requirements met

Readability

Can every part of the software be easily read by users, including font size and colour choices

Attractiveness

Are the colours chosen nice looking and work together

Clarity

are the language chosen age appropriate and are headings and labels used throughout

Functionality

does the system react well to user input errors

Accuracy

is data stored accurately, are calculations made 100%

Accessability

how well the system can be used by those with disabilities

Timeliness

does the softwarre respond to requests within an accepetable timeframe

Report formats

Are all the search/sort reports produced by the system appropriate their context

Relevance

is all the information provided and shown by the software relavant

Usability

is the software easy to use

Communciation of message

have approprate conversions/time been used for sppecific places

User Experience (UX)

focuses on providing a relevant and meaningful experience for all users.

User Interface (UI)

focuses on appearance

Factors that influence design and UI/UX

Usability, Affordance, Security, Interoperabilty, Marketabilty

Affordance

ptoviding possible actions for the users

Security

refers to factors such as consent and privacy

Interoperabilty

the abilty of the software tow work across different operating systems

Marketability

refers to the appeal marketing abilty

Elements of UI

Clarity, Concise, Familiar. Responsive, Consistent, Attrative, Efficient, Tolerant

Consice

Provide enough guidance

Familiar

Recognise how features work

Responsive

Quick loading and software giving feedback

Consistent

Develop patterns of use and use in different context

Waterfall Model

has identified stages of production and there is no going back once a stage is completed. This is best for small, well-defined projects as the process cannot be altered

Agile Model

allows for flexibility and simplicity as there are ‘sprints’ of each stage and they are repeated multiple times and improved after each cycle. This is best for changing projects, and it also reduces risks.

Spiral Model

has repeated iterations of processes and aims to eliminate risks. This is best for uncertain clients as risks can be prevented with quick responsive actions.

Project Management

The process of planning, organising and monitoring a project to ensure that it is completed on time, within budget, and in scope

Gant Chart

graphical representation of a project plan. That lists all tasks in order to show dependiecies allowing people to be allocated and able to track progress

Use of Gantt Chart

used to outline each stage and task within a project so that that progress could be monitored, and changes could be made accordingly

Milestones in Gantt Chart

represent the completion of a significant stage. Indicated with a diamond.

Dependicies

also known as predecessors, are tasks that must be completed before another task can be started. Indicated with arrows.

Processes

include task identification, sequencing, critical path and documentation

Crtitical Path

indicates tasks that will delay the whole project if they are delayed.

Goals

help define an organisation’s purpose, assist its growth and achieve its financial objectives.

Organisational Goal

how an organisation intends to go about achieving its mission.

System Goal

how the specific role of an information system will help in achieving an organisational goal.

Objectives

small, achievable tasks undertaken to complete a larger task

Privacy Act 1988

protects personal data of individuals around australia from governments and organisatiosn woth a turnover more than 3 million.

How many Austalian priavcy principles are there

10

APP 1

Open and transparent management of personal infromation

APP 2

gives individuals the option of being anonymous or using a fake name

APP 3

Collection of solicitied personal info

APP 4

How entities must deal with unsolicited info

APP 5

Must notify individuals when perosnal information has been collected

APP 6

Use or diclosure of information

APP 7

Organisation may only use or dislcose information fro marketing purpose if certain conditions are met

APP 8

Outliens steps to protect info before it is dislosed overseas