The Genetic Code, Transcription, Translation, and Mutation

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to genetic code, transcription, translation, and mutations.

Helicase

Unwinds the parental double helix at the replication forks.

DNA Polymerase I

Removes RNA nucleotides of the primer and replaces them with DNA nucleotides.

Codon

A triplet of nucleotides in mRNA that codes for an amino acid.

Transcription

The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.

Translation

The process of synthesizing a polypeptide from the mRNA sequence.

RNA Splicing

The process of removing introns and joining exons to produce mature mRNA.

Mutagen

A physical or chemical agent that can cause mutations.

Central Dogma

The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Stop Codon

A nucleotide triplet that signals termination of translation.

Ribosome

A cellular structure where polypeptide synthesis occurs, translating mRNA into protein.