Gregor Mendel Genetics Quiz

Mendelian Genetics

Gregor Mendel is responsible for the laws governing

Inheritance of traits

Was his work recognized during his lifetime?

No, it was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century

He is also known as the

¨Father of genetics¨

What type of plants did he study?

pea plants

How many plants did he test?

28,000

What did he find out?

that the plants offspring retained traits of the parents

Where was the site of Mendel’s experiment?

Czech Republic

Mendel did not know about chromosomes and DNA.  What did he call them?

particles

Genotype

the genetic makeup of an organism

Phenotype

A set of observable characteristics largely determined by the genotypes.

Homozygous

organism with two alleles of the same type

Heterozygous

organism with different alleles of the same type

Dominant

expressed allele in heterozygous individuals

Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross. 

Why did Mendel choose pea plants?

Because they can be grown in a small area, produce lots of offspring, produce pure plants when allowed to self pollinate, and several generations can be artificially cross pollinated.

1. Petals

2. Sepal

3. Style

4. Stigma

5. Ovary

6. Ovules

7. Stamen

8. Anther

9. Filament

10. Pollen

What are the 8 characteristics of pea plants? What are the genotypes and phenotypes?

1. seed shape— round(R) or Wrinkled(r

2. seed color— yellow(Y) or green(y)

3. pod shape— smooth(S) or wrinkled(s)

4. pod color— Green(G) or Yellow(g)

5. seed coat color— Gray(G) or White(g)

6. flower position— Axial(A) or Terminal(a)

7. plant height— Tall(T) or Short(t)

8. flower color— Purple(P) or White(p)

Parent generation

The parental generation in an experiment

First generation

The first generation offspring in an experiment

Second generation

The second generation offspring in an experiment

Describe the law of dominance

In a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits, only one form of the trait will appear in the next generation

Describe the law of segregation

during the formation of gametes the two alleles responsible for a trait separate from each other

Describe the law of independent assortment

alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells independently of one another

Incomplete dominance

occurs when neither allele is completely dominant and an intermediate phenotype is expressed.

codominance

occurs when both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of the heterozygote

what are sex linked traits

traits located on the sex chromosomes

Why are females carriers and males express the trait in X-linked traits?

Because one of their chromosomes has the mutation but the other one is normal