Midterm Flashcards (Chapter 6)

Patient Care: Beneficence

The obligation of health care providers to help people in need

Example of Beneficence

educate the patient what the purpose of the rolling walker would be

Patient Care: Nonmalefiance

The duty of health care providers to do no harm

Example of Nonmalefiance

the duty of health care providers to do no harm

Patient Care: Autonomy

the right of patients to make choices regarding their health care

Example of Autonomy

the 93 saying she doesn’t want to use the walker, even though you might have exampled the beneficial why behind it

Patient Care: Justice

the concept of treating everyone in fair manner

Example of Justice

Two patients who have had a stroke, Patient A has a better situation than B. Patient B would get the last bed because they have a worse outcome than Patient A

Patient Choice: Informed Consent

voluntary decision after understandable disclosure of benefits, risks, alternatives, and the option of no treatment

Example of Informed Consent

People who have a really hard time making an informed decision because of medical language they might find in the consent or what being said to them

Patient Choice: Decision-making capacity

the ability to understand, appreciate, reason about, and communicate a treatment choice

Example of decision-making capacity

a peds or dementia patient,if they aren’t able to make the decision, you have to know the next step

Patient Choice: Cultural Humility

Ongoing self-reflection and respectful curiosity rather than assuming mastery of another person’s culture

Example of Cultural Humility

you have to understand the patient’s culture and see if you can do the treatment in conjunction

Patient Choice: Shared Decision Making

clinician evidence and expertise combined with the patient’s goals, values, and preferences

Example of Shared Decision Making

How do we combine our knowledge with what the patient wants

Rationing

limiting access to beneficial care because resources, coverage, time, or funding care are constrained

Example of Rationing

shortage of medical supplies

Distributive Justice

fair distribution of health benefits, burdens, and resources across people and groups

Example of Distributive Justice

Giving Patient B the bed instead of Patient A because B has a worse off situation

Stewardship

using finite health care resources responsibly while protecting each patient’s interest

Example of Stewardship

if you have someone with great insurance, who gets $2,400

Name two strengths of the U.S Health Care

medicare and medicaid and highly trained workforce (specialties)

Name two weakness of the U.S. Healthcare

What problem does risk pooling solve?

A lot of people buying into risk pooling, but not everyone is going to die at that age, so the unfortunate few that need it can actually use it.

Example: not everyone is going to get a total knee replacement but the people who do need it can use it

Which payment model most directly rewards volume

fee for service, the more we do the more we get

What is the difference between equity and equality

equity is when people get what they specifically need to help better there situation whereas equality is when everyone receives the exact same thing

Example of fee-for-service

a clinic is paid for every visit

Example of DRG

A hospital receives one fixed payment for an inpatient admission based on the diagnosis

Example of Bundled Payment

one payment covers a joint-replacement episode across hospital and post-acute care

Example of Per Diem

a facility is paid for each inpatient day

Example of Capitation

A health organization receives a fixed monthly amount for every enrolled patient, whether or not the patient receives care

Example of Premium

a patient pays $220 every month before insurance begins sharing costs.

Example of Deductible

a patient pays the first $2,000 before insurance begins sharing costs.

Example of Co-Pay

A patient pays $30 at each PT visit

Example of Coinsurance

A patient owes 20% of the allowed charge

Example of Autonomy

the PT explains risks and alternatives, then respects an informed refusal

Example of Beneficence

the PT recommends treatment expected to improve function

Example of Nonmalefiance

the PT pauses an intervention after new neurologic symptoms appear

Example of Justice

A clinic applies transparent, clinically relevant criteria when appointments are scarce