AP Chemistry Memorization Sheet

Hydrogen

H

Helium

He

Lithium

Li

Beryllium

Be

Boron

B

Carbon

C

Nitrogen

N

Oxygen

O

Fluorine

F

Neon

Ne

Sodium

Na; Latin name: natrium

Magnesium

Mg

Aluminum

Al

Silicon

Si

Phosphorus

P

Sulfur

S

Chlorine

Cl

Argon

Ar

Potassium

K; Latin name: kalium

Calcium

Ca

Scandium

Sc

Titanium

Ti

Vanadium

V

Chromium

Cr

Manganese

Mn

Iron

Fe; Latin name: ferrum

Cobalt

Co

Nickel

Ni

Copper

Cu; Latin name: cuprum

Zinc

Zn

Gallium

Ga

Germanium

Ge

Arsenic

As

Selenium

Se

Bromine

Br

Krypton

Kr

Rubidium

Rb

Strontium

Sr

Silver

Ag; Latin name: argentum

Cadmium

Cd

Tin

Sn; Latin name: stannum

Iodine

I

Xenon

Xe

Tungsten

W

Platinum

Pt

Gold

Au; Latin name: aurum

Mercury

Hg; Latin name: hydrargyrum

Lead

Pb; Latin name: plumbum

Radon

Rn

Uranium

U

Flame test: barium

pale yellow/green

Flame test: calcium

orange/red

Flame test: copper(II)

green

Flame test: potassium

pink

Flame test: sodium

yellow

Flame test: lithium & strontium

red

Chromium (Cr): common oxidation states

+2 and +3

Cobalt (Co): common oxidation states

+2 and +3; Co²⁺ is red when aqueous

Copper (Cu): common oxidation states

+1 and +2; Cu²⁺ is blue when aqueous

Gold (Au): common oxidation states

+1 and +3

Iron (Fe): common oxidation states

+2 and +3; Fe³⁺ is yellow when aqueous

Nickel (Ni): common oxidation states

+2 and +3; Ni²⁺ is green when aqueous

Tin (Sn): common oxidation states

+2 and +4

Lead (Pb): common oxidation states

+2 and +4

Mercury(I) and mercury(II)

Hg₂²⁺ is mercury(I); Hg²⁺ is mercury(II)

NH₄⁺

ammonium

ClO₃⁻

chlorate

CN⁻

cyanide

OH⁻

hydroxide

MnO₄⁻

permanganate; purple in solution

PO₄³⁻

phosphate

SCN⁻

thiocyanate

C₂O₄²⁻

oxalate

CO₃²⁻

carbonate

CrO₄²⁻

chromate; yellow in solution

Cr₂O₇²⁻

dichromate; yellow/orange in solution

NO₃⁻

nitrate

O₂²⁻

oxide

SO₄²⁻

sulfate

C₂H₃O₂⁻

acetate; also CH₃COO⁻

IO₃⁻

iodate

Solubility: alkali metal compounds

soluble; no exceptions listed

Solubility: ammonium compounds

soluble; no exceptions listed

Solubility: nitrates, acetates, bicarbonates, chlorates, perchlorates

soluble; no exceptions listed

Solubility: halides (Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻)

soluble except halides of Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, and Pb²⁺

Solubility: sulfates

soluble except sulfates of Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Hg₂²⁺, and Pb²⁺

Solubility: carbonates, phosphates, chromates, sulfides

insoluble except alkali metal and ammonium compounds

Solubility: hydroxides

insoluble except compounds containing alkali metal ions and Ba²⁺

MnO₄⁻ in acid

common oxidizing agent; yields Mn²⁺

Cr₂O₇²⁻ in acid

common oxidizing agent; yields Cr³⁺