The Cognitive Approach

What does the cognitive approach focus on?

Internal mental processes such as perception, memory, and thinking.

How does the cognitive approach view the mind?

Like a computer that processes, stores, and retrieves information.

What are internal mental processes?

Private operations of the mind that mediate between stimulus and response.

Why can internal mental processes be studied scientifically?

Because they can be inferred from observable behaviour using controlled experiments.

What is the computer model in the cognitive approach?

Compares the human mind to a computer – input, processing, and output.

What does 'input' refer to in the cognitive model?

Information received from the environment via the senses.

What does 'processing' refer to in the cognitive model?

Information is encoded, stored, and interpreted by the brain.

What does 'output' refer to in the cognitive model?

The observable behavioural response.

What are theoretical models in the cognitive approach?

Abstract representations of how mental processes work (e.g., the multi-store model of memory).

Why are theoretical models useful?

They help psychologists visualise and test components of mental processes.

What is a schema?

A mental framework of beliefs and expectations developed through experience.

How do schemas affect information processing?

They help organise and interpret information quickly, but can lead to perceptual errors or biases.

What is one strength of the cognitive approach related to methodology?

It uses scientific and objective methods, such as lab experiments, to study mental processes.

What is one strength of the cognitive approach related to real-life application?

It has practical applications, e.g., in artificial intelligence and cognitive therapy.

What is one limitation of the cognitive approach related to validity?

Uses artificial stimuli and tasks, reducing ecological validity.

What is one limitation of the cognitive approach related to determinism?

It is machine reductionist – compares humans to computers and ignores emotion and motivation.

What are cognitive neuroscientists interested in?

Biological structures underlying mental processes

How has cognitive neuroscience advanced psychology?

Combines brain imaging techniques (fMRI, PET) with cognitive models to study brain areas involved in mental functions.