Nutrition Midterm

Starch that is not digested in the small intestine is known as

Resistent Starch

The primary nutritional function of the large intestine is

Absorption of water

One benefit of keeping a record of everything you eat, and drink in a day is

Increased awareness of personal food patterns

The major focus of nutritional recommendations in this century has shifted to

Prevention and control of chronic disease

The value that controls the passage of chyme from the small intestine to the cecum is the

ileocecal valve

One of the major reasons why carbohydrates play a major role in nutrition is because they

Provide a ready source of vitamins and minerals

The end products of digestion of macro nutrients include fatty acids amino, acids, and

Monosaccharides

The actions involved in the process of digestion are

Muscular and chemical

Exchange Lists for Meal Planning groups foods that are equivalent in their

Macronutrient Content

Oligosaccharides

Contain 3 to 10 monosaccharides

Bacteria found in the colon are important because they

Synthesize important vitamins

The best source of nutrients is provided by

A variety of foods

To prevent symptoms of fatigue, dehydration and energy loss, the recommended minimum intake of carbohydrates should be

130 g

A major purpose of the dietary guidelines is to

Prevent chronic disease and promote health

The most important monosaccharide in human nutrition include glucose fructose and

Galactose

The type of acids that form the basic building blocks of proteins are

Amino acids

The primary function of carbohydrates as a food source is to

Supply energy

Absorption of most nutrients occurs in the

Small intestine

The enzyme produced by the parotid gland is

Salivary amylase

An observation that provides evidence that a person has good nutritional status is

Normal weight to height ratio

The rate of gastric emptying depend on the

Composition of food consumed

Storage sites for glycogen in the human body include the liver and the

Muscles

The type of carbohydrate that helps maintain normal blood glucose levels during fasting period is

Glycogen

It has been generally excepted that the percentage of total daily Kcalories supplied by fats should be no more than

20% to 35%

Ingredients necessary for photosynthesis to occur include carbon dioxide water, and

Chlorophyll

The lining of the stomach and intestine is protected from self digestion by

Mucus

Micronutrients include

Vitamins

Signs of malnutrition can appear when

NUTRIENT RESERVES ARE DEPLETED

The number of calories provided by 15 g of protein is

60

A major function of glucose is to

produce energy

The professional primarily responsible for application of nutrition science in clinical practice settings is the

Registered dietitian

Mucus is produced by the salivary glands and the

Intestinal glands

The factor most likely to stimulate digestive secretions is

Smelling, or seeing food

The percentage of total Kcalories intake for a healthy person that should be supplied by carbohydrate is

45% to 65%

Carbohydrate is stored in the body in the form of

Glycogen

The end products of digestion of macro nutrients include fatty acids amino, acids, and

Monosaccharides

The sum of all chemical processes inside living cells of the body that sustain life and health is known as

Metabolism

Sufficient dietary carbohydrate intake prevent formation of excess

Ketones

A mineral that helps strengthen tooth enamel and prevent dental caries is

Fluoride

Fiber can lower blood levels of

Triglycerides

The body of scientific knowledge related to nutritional requirements of human growth, maintenance activity and reproduction is known as

Nutrition science

Nutrients interact in the body to regulate metabolic processes, to build and repair tissue, and to

Provide energy

Carbohydrates are composed of a combination of carbon, hydrogen, and

Oxygen

The process of photosynthesis is responsible for the synthesis of

carbohydrates

The hormone that asked to lower blood sugar levels is

insulin

The small-finger like projections into the intestinal lumen are called

Villi

Fibers capacity to hold water is related to its ability to decrease development of

High blood cholesterol levels

The main body storage form of carbohydrates is

Glycogen

Macronutrients include

Proteins

The sugar to which all other sugars are converted during human metabolism is

glucose

Sugar alcohols are likely to be found in

low calorie foods

The rhythmic contractions that propel food through the intestinal track are called

peristalsis

An age group that is very vulnerable to malnutrition is

infants

The tolerable upper intake level is

The highest amount of a nutrient that can be safely consumed

Are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are found in the

Mouth

A person with lactose intolerance should limit the intake of

Milk

The action of biting, chewing, and breaking up ingested food into smaller particles is called

Mastication

The substance that serves as a vehicle for fat transport in the bloodstream is

Lipoproteins

Fructose is the sugar found in

honey and fruit

Weight gain occurs when

Calorie intake, exceeds energy expenditure

Obesity is associated with increased risk of

hypertension

The number of different amino acids that make up the human proteins is

20

Another name for conscious control of food intake to maintain stable weight is

Restrained eating

A protein that contains all the essential amino acids in the proper proportion is called

Complete protein

Are infections are common in people who have an adequate protein intake because of an insufficient quantity of

Antibodies

The hormone responsible for stimulating the gallbladder to contract and release bile is

cholecystokinin

The caloric value found in food composition tables should be a determined by

Direct calorimetry

The prevalence of obesity is higher in

Women than men

After digestion and absorption food provides an available source of energy to tissues, if it is converted into

Glucose

Factors that increase BMR include

Fever

The term that describes the amount of energy needed by the body for maintenance of life while at rest is

Basal Metabolism

The lipoprotein that helps slow the progression of atherosclerosis is

High density lipoprotein

The primary function of proteins in the diet is to

Build and repair tissue

Diets that contain less than 10% of K calories as fat or not recommended because

intake of essential fatty acids would be too low

The form of fatty acids in naturally occurring fats is generally

Cis

The effect of trans fatty acids on blood cholesterol is similar to that of

Saturated Fatty Acids

Excessive intakes of dietary protein can

impair kidney function

A high blood cholesterol level appears to be associated with the development of

coronary heart disease

A person is most likely to have a diet with good protein if they

consume a variety of foods

Amino acids are absorbed by

Active transport

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body in sufficient amount are known as

Dispensable

The important factor in determining whether a person is fat or lean is the persons

Body composition

An important function of cholesterol is to

Form bile salts

An example of behavioral therapy is

Rewarding yourself by going to a movie after walking five times a week for a month

A triglyceride is a compound of glycerol and

Fatty acids

Dietetic professionals working with clients who need to lose weight should work toward

permanent lifestyle changes

The best food source of essential fatty acids are

Vegetable oils

The tissue that has the highest rate of protein turnover is the

Intestinal mucosa

The recommended dietary intake of protein for adults

0.8g/kg

To promote weight loss diet plans should be

Individualized for each client

An example of a complete protein is

Milk

The major portion of chemical digestion of lipids occurs in

Small intestine

People with prediabetes may avoid development of full-blown type two diabetes if they lose

5% to 10% of their body weight

The digestive enzyme lecithinase acts in the small intestine to digest

lecithin

The endogenous supply of cholesterol is synthesize, mainly by the

Liver

An example of electrical energy in the body is

Transmitting nerve impulses

Proteins are bills from simpler organic compounds called

Amino acids

An important type of metabolic chemical that is not used up in the reaction that causes is

Enzymes

A persons total energy requirements are determined by adding the BMR, amount of daily activity, and the

Thermic effect of food

One reason that obesity is increasing in children is because many of them

Spend large amounts of time watching television