Study guide unit 2 Shmit

The function of the skeletal system includes __________.

Support, movement, protection, mineral storage, and blood cell production.

The major components of the connective tissue matrix include __________ and their functions are to provide structure and support.

Collagen (strength), calcium (rigidity), phosphate (mineralization).

In bone ossification, __________ refers to the process of bone growth and development.

Ossification.

Compact bone is characterized by __________ which makes it denser than cancellous bone.

A tightly packed structure.

The basic structural and functional unit of a muscle is called a __________.

Sarcomere.

During muscle contraction, __________ are the proteins that slide past each other, resulting in contraction.

Actin and myosin filaments.

The __________ is where a motor neuron and a muscle fiber communicate.

Neuromuscular junction.

When a muscle is stimulated to contract, __________ refers to the minimal stimulus needed to trigger muscle contraction.

Threshold.

In anaerobic respiration, __________ is produced when oxygen is not available.

Lactic acid.

__________ contractions occur when the muscle length changes under tension, while __________ contractions occur without a change in muscle length.

Isotonic; isometric.

Fast-twitch muscle fibers are best adapted for __________, while slow-twitch fibers are suited for __________.

Short bursts of strength; endurance activities.

The molecules used for energy in muscle contraction are __________.

ATP.

The process of breaking down glucose for energy is called __________.

Glycolysis.

The __________ of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle control.

Somatic nervous system.

A reflex arc typically includes a __________, an integration center, and an effector.

Sensory receptor.

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and __________.

Spinal cord.

In the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the __________ prepares the body for 'fight or flight' situations.

Sympathetic division.

The neocortex is divided into __________, which are associated with different sensory and motor functions.

Lobes.

The __________ system is involved in emotional responses and memory formation.

Limbic.

General senses can include touch, temperature, and __________.

Pain.

____________ are responsible for converting light into neural signals in the eye.

Photoreceptors.

The cochlea is a structure of the ear that is essential for __________ transduction.

Sound.

____________ describes the relationship between the intensity of a stimulus and the neuronal response.

Stimulus-response relationship.

The __________ is responsible for coordinating balance and motor control.

Cerebellum.

In the context of reflexes, __________ respond to muscle stretch.

Muscle spindle receptors.

The __________ is the outermost layer of the eye, consisting of the cornea and sclera.

Tunics.

__________ are the basic building blocks of the nervous system, composed of neurons and glial cells.

Neurons.

Actin and myosin interact during the __________ to facilitate muscle contractions.

Sliding filament theory.

The __________ of a neuron transmits impulses away from the cell body.

Axon.

Neurotransmitters can be classified as either __________ or __________ based on their effects on the postsynaptic neuron.

Excitatory; inhibitory.

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the CNS to _________.

The rest of the body.

The primary functions of the brain lobes include sensory processing, voluntary movement, and __________.

Cognitive functions.

The __________ is involved in the body's stress response and energy management.

Hypothalamus.