Body Plan and Organization

anatomy

the study of body structures (whats it made of)

Physiology

the study of body functions(how it works)

levels of organization

atoms, molecules, cells, tissues

anatomical position

• body erect facing forward

• arms at side

• palms upright facing forward

• thumbs pointing outwards

• feet flat

• eyes open

body planes

• frontal(coronal)- divides body into anterior (front) and posterior(back)

• sagittal - divides body into left and right

• transverse- divides body into superior (top) and posterior(bottom)

body cavities

• dorsal cavity - contains cranial (brain) and spinal(spinal cord)

• ventral cavity- contains thoracic(heart, lungs) and abdominopelvic (digestive, urinary, reproductive)

• thoracic cavity- chest cavity(lungs heart)

• abdominopelvic cavity- abdominal (stomach, intestines, liver) and pelvic(bladder, reproductive organs)

directional terms

• superior- towards the head/above

• inferior- toward the feet/below

• anterior (ventral)- toward the front

• posterior (dorsal0 toward the back

• medial- toward the midline

• lateral- away from the midline

• promixal- closer to point of attachment

• distal- farther from the point f attachment

• superficial- toward the body surface

• deep- away from the body surface

homeostasis

maintaining a stable internal environment

regional terms

• axillary - armpit

• brachial- upper arm

• anterbrachial - forearm

• carpal- wrist

• femoral- thigh

• cervical- neck

• thoracic- chest

• abdominal- abdomen

• lumbar- lower back