12-1.2: GenChem1

Ionic compound

A compound of positive (Cation) and negative ion (Anion)

Transition Metals

are like main group metals in many ways: They look like metals, they are malleable and ductile, they conduct heat and electricity

Polyatomic ions

a group of covalently bonded non-metal atom that has an overall electric charge

Ca3(PO4) 2

Calcium phosphate

NaClO4

Sodium Perchlorate

Ca2(CO3) 2

Calcium Carbonate

Cu(NO3) 2

Copper (II) nitrate

Fe Br4

Iron (IV) bromide

Copper (II) phosphate

Cu3(PO4) 2

Sodium chlorate

NaClO3

Aluminum oxide

Al2O3

Sodium oxide

Na2O

Nickel (IV) Bromide

NiBr4

Covalent compound

or molecular, compounds generally result from two nonmetals reacting with each other.

mono

1

di

2

tri

3

tetra

4

penta

5

hexa

6

hepta

7

8

octa

nona

9

deca

10

Prefixes

are used to denote how many atoms of each element are present in the compound.

Dinitrogen dioxide

N2O2

Diphophorus pentoxide

P2O5

NI3 

Nitrogen triiodide

Tetraphosporus hexoxide

P4O6

N2O

Dinitrogen monoxide

BFl3

Boron triflouride

Disilicon Hexabromide

Si2Br6

Dinitrogen Trioxide

N2O3

Dichlorine Heptoxide

Cl2O7

Stoichiometry

is the study of the quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

stoicheion

element

metron

measure

Percent composition

Is the amount of each element present in a compound expressed in percent.

Percentage composition

can be measured experimentally, and these values can be used to determine the empirical formula of a compound.

Percentage composition

calculated from a molecular formula by dividing the mass of a single element in one mole of a compound by the mass of one mole of the entire compound. This value is presented as a percentage

Chemical reaction

a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance which is different to a change in physical form.

Reactant

The atoms and molecules interact with each other or undergo chemical change

Product

The substances produced after a chemical change.

Chemical Equation

A shorthand method of writing a chemical reaction.

Synthesis Reactions

Also known as a composition reaction,

Synthesis Reactions

a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound.

Synthesis Reactions

A + B → AB

Decomposition Reaction

the reverse of a synthesis reaction and is a reaction in which single compound undergoes a reaction that produces two or more simpler substances.

Decomposition Reaction

AX → A + X

Single- replacement reaction

Or displacement reaction, is a reaction in which one element replaces a similar element in a compound.

Single- replacement reaction

A + BX → AX + B

Double replacement Reaction

AX + BY → AY + BX

Double replacement Reaction

a reaction in which the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds.