Florida Basic Recruit Training Program: HIGH LIABILITY VOLUME 2: Vehicle Operations with 100% correct answers + easy to understand rationales (100% accuracy)

Vision

__________ supplies approximately 90-95 percent of incoming data to a driver and helps with detecting and avoiding hazards.

PSI

used to measure tire pressure

acuity

sharpness of vision

color vision

the ability to distinguish colors

depth perception

the ability to judge distance and space

night vision

the ability to see clearly in darkness

peripheral vision

ability to see above, below, and to the sides

apex

the center point of any curve

centrifugal force

the reaction to centripetal force; the force enacted on a vehicle moving in a curved path that acts outwardly away from the center of rotation

centripetal force

(tire traction) the force that is necessary to keep a vehicle moving in a curved path and is directed inward toward the center of rotation

constant radius

a turn that remains the same throughout, getting

neither wider nor smaller

decreasing radius

a turn that gets tighter during the turn much like a circle getting smaller

increasing radius

a turn that becomes wider during the turn much like a circle getting larger

oversteer

the tendency of a vehicle to steer into a sharper turn than the driver intends

pitch

the transfer of a vehicle's weight from front to rear or rear to front; occurs during acceleration or braking

radius

the distance from the center to the outside of a circle

roll

the transfer of a vehicle's weight from side to side

understeer

the tendency of a vehicle to turn less sharply than the driver intends

wheel tracking

an occurrence that causes the rear wheels to follow a tighter path than the path the front wheels traveled in a turn

yaw

the transfer of a vehicle's weight causing an end-for-end motion resulting in the vehicle turning 180 degrees

caster effect

the tendency for a vehicle travelling forward to straighten from a turn when the driver releases the steering wheel

eye-targeting

looking in the desired direction of travel to avoid an obstacle and steering in that direction

anti-lock braking system (ABS)

an electronic braking system that

monitors and controls each of the wheels during braking to keep them

from locking

incipient skid

a skid that occurs just before tires lose traction during braking; the tires lock and cause a skid

incipient spin

a skid that occurs just before the drive tires lose traction during acceleration

counter steering

turning the vehicle's front tires in the desired direction to regain traction

power slide

A __________ happens when a driver over-accelerates, and the tires spin: the wheels are not locked, but the driver has lost traction.

rolling friction

traction created when a vehicle's tires constantly rotate against the road surface without losing contact

skid

the loss of rolling friction that occurs when a vehicle's wheels lock and do not turn while the vehicle is still moving

slide

results when the loss of rolling friction causes loss of traction; the vehicle's wheels still rotate but they do not control the vehicle's movement

pursuit

an active attempt when an officer drives an authorized emergency vehicle (with emergency equipment activated), to apprehend occupants of a moving vehicle if the driver increases vehicle speed, takes other evasive actions, or refuses to stop in an apparent attempt to avoid

apprehension

Pursuit Immobilization Technique

(PIT)

pursuit termination technique in which an officer stops a violator's vehicle by using the police

vehicle to apply force to either the rear right or left side of the violator's vehicle to end the pursuit

roadblock

use of vehicles, barricades, cones, or other objects to partially or completely block traffic flow

acuity, depth perception, peripheral vision, color vision, night vision

What are the components of vision may affect the ability to operate and control a vehicle?

Rain and wind

___________ and ___________ are the weather conditions that are most likely to affect your vehicle's performance in Florida.

hydroplane

Though they are designed to disperse water, tires sometimes ____________.

intersections

Officers should be especially careful at ____________, as they represent the single greatest threat to safe vehicle operation.

two-second

The ___________ rule establishes a minimum safe following distance for all vehicles and provides space and time for the driver to react to potential hazards.

two-second

The __________ rule applies at the posted speed limit when weather and road conditions are good.

four-second

Under poor road conditions or in inclement weather, you should use the ___________ rule.

four-second

Events and situations that call for the ___________ rule include traveling at higher than normal rates of speed, driving during emergency responses, traveling with other responding units, inclement weather, fog, smoke. Oncoming headlights, streetlights, hazards and debris, and construction areas also make for situations that call for this rule.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

It is important to remember that vehicles react to driver input, road conditions, and natural forces.

six-inch squares

Most law enforcement vehicles rest on four, ___________ (known as the tire contact patch).

FALSE

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on that object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

TRUE OR FALSE

The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the net force acting on that object and directly proportional to the mass of the object.

Pitch, roll, and yaw

What are the three types of vehicular motion?

Directional stability

__________ affects the degree of pitch, roll, and yaw that a vehicle experiences.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

As a vehicle's tracking width decreases, so does its stability.

FALSE

outside

When a vehicle turns a corner, weight transfers toward the tires on the inside of the turn.

The front outside wheel

Which wheel does the weight transfer to MOST when a vehicle turns a corner?

The rear wheel on the inside of the turn

Which wheel does the weight transfer to LEAST when a vehicle turns a corner?

turn or curve

A ___________ or __________ is a portion of a circle.

apexing

The __________ technique is how the vehicle is steered in relation to a curve's apex while maintaining your lane.

early apexing

The __________ technique is when the vehicle is steered so it is closest to the inside of the curve BEFORE reaching the apex.

increases

The early apexing technique ___________ centrifugal force and can cause loss of control.

middle

The center apexing technique is when the vehicle is steered closest to the __________ of the curve

late apexing

The ___________ technique is when the vehicle is steered so it passes closest to the inside of the curve AFTER reaching the apex.

decreases

The late apexing technique __________ centrifugal force, reducing the potential for loss of control.

late apexing

The __________ technique, in most cases, is the best cornering or turning method. It allows the most room for driver error.

centripetal force and centrifugal force

The two general forces that act upon a vehicle as it turns a corner are __________ and __________.

Steering

___________ has a direct relationship on vehicle dynamics, vehicle handling, and traction control.

Understeer and oversteer

___________ and __________ describe certain vehicle movements resulting in a loss of traction by the front or rear tires.

understeer

The cause of __________ may be a combination of excessive speed, lack of traction on the steering tires, and improper braking in a turn or curve.

Oversteer

generally occurs at higher speeds when the rear tires lose traction and excessive braking occurs in a turn or curve.

4 o'clock; 8 o'clock

Facing the steering wheel, the top center of the wheel is in the 12 o'clock position. The bottom center of the wheel represents 6 o'clock. It is recommended that you place your right hand in the ___________ position and your left hand in the __________ position.

4 o'clock and 8 o'clock

Which hand position on the steering wheel provides quicker response, reduces fatigue and reduces injury if the air bag deploys?

Optical driving

___________ is looking in the desired direction of travel to avoid an obstacle and steering in that direction. This is also referred to as eye-targeting.

incipient skid

A(n) __________ happens just before the tires lose traction during BRAKING. The tires lock, causing loss of steering control and a skid.

anti-lock braking system (ABS)

Enhancement to the conventional braking system called ___________ is now standard equipment on vehicles.

drive

The __________ tires are the front tires on a front-wheel drive vehicle or rear tires on a rearwheel drive vehicle.

incipient spin

An __________ occurs just before the drive tires lose traction during ACCELERATION.

traction

Control of a vehicle depends on ___________.

Traction

__________ is the result of the friction a vehicle's tires create on the road surface.

rolling

The best traction is __________ friction

Loss of traction

___________ is, therefore, the result of loss of rolling friction, which causes loss of vehicle control as the tires skid or slide on the road surface. ___________ equals loss of control.

skid

If a driver follows a vehicle too closely, does not pay attention, and then slams on the brakes to avoid a collision, the result is a common __________ in which both rolling friction and traction are lost.

Weight transfer and centrifugal force

__________ and __________ can also influence a skid. If a driver enters a turn too quickly and brakes improperly to slow down, he or she will lose control and begin to skid.

slide

In a __________, the wheels still rotate, but they do not control the vehicle's movement.

power slide

Accelerating too much on a turn or a slick surface causes a __________.

Cornering

__________ requires entering an intersection safely and properly at normal driving speeds and making a 90-degree turn to the right or left.

Proper braking

___________ is an important element of negotiating a turn.

apex

When cornering, officers should also recognize the ___________ of the turn and properly adjust the vehicle's location to fully use the available space.

12 o'clock

When backing, place the left hand in the ____________ o'clock position and with upper body turned, release the brake, and slowly accelerate.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

Although only one-third of all driving is done at night, more than half of all fatal crashes occur during hours of darkness.

-overdriving of vehicle headlights

-reaction distance

-field of vision

-loss of visual cues

-glare

-emergency lights

List factors may influence driving performance at night. (6)

To overdrive the distance the vehicle's headlights project

What is the most common night driving error?

450 feet w/ high beams; 150 feet w/ low beams

According to s. 316.237, F.S. vehicle headlights should reveal a person __________ feet away with the high beams and a distance of __________ feet with the low beams.

FALSE

Reaction time remains the same whether driving during the day or night.

TRUE OR FALSE

Reaction time changes when driving during the day or night.

field of vision

At night, peripheral vision decreases. Less light narrows the __________.

Glare

__________ from oncoming vehicles or other outside sources can temporarily blind a driver. When driving at night, human eyes adjust to the lack of light and use night vision. When the light suddenly changes, eyes need time to readjust.

316.003(1)

According to s. ____________, F.S. an AUTHORIZED EMERGENCY VEHICLE REFERS TO Vehicles of the fire department (fire patrol), police vehicles, and such ambulances and emergency vehicles of municipal departments, public service corporations operated by private corporations, the Department of Environmental Protection, the Department of Health, and the Department of Transportation as are designated or authorized by their respective department or the chief of police of an incorporated city or any sheriff of any of the various counties.

316.271(6)

According to s. __________, F.S.

Every authorized emergency vehicle shall be equipped with a siren, whistle, or bell capable of emitting sound audible under normal conditions from a distance of not less than 500 feet and of a type approved by the department, but such siren, whistle, or bell shall not be used except when the vehicle is operated in response to an emergency call or in the immediate pursuit of an actual or suspected violator of the law, in which event the driver of the vehicle shall sound the siren, whistle, or bell when reasonably necessary to warn pedestrians and other drivers of the approach thereof.

316.126(3)

According to s. __________, F.S.

Any authorized emergency vehicle, when en route to meet an existing emergency, SHALL WARN all other vehicular traffic along the emergency route by an audible signal, siren, exhaust whistle, or other adequate device or by a visible signal by the use of displayed blue or red lights. While en route to such emergency, the emergency vehicle shall otherwise proceed in a manner consistent with the laws regulating vehicular traffic upon the highways of this state.

316.126(1)

According to s. __________, F.S.

Upon the immediate approach of an authorized emergency vehicle, while en route to meet an existing emergency, the driver of every other vehicle shall, when such emergency vehicle is giving audible signals by siren, exhaust whistle, or other adequate device, or visible signals by the use of displayed blue or red lights, YIELD THE RIGHT-OF-WAY to the emergency vehicle and shall immediately proceed to a position parallel to, and as close as reasonable to the closest edge of the curb of the roadway, clear of any intersection and shall stop and remain in position until the authorized emergency vehicle has passed, unless otherwise directed by any law enforcement officer.

316.072(5)(a)1.

According to s. __________, F.S.

The driver of an authorized emergency vehicle, when responding to an emergency call, when in the pursuit of an actual or suspected violator of the law, or when responding to a fire alarm, but not upon returning from a fire ... MAY EXERCISE THE PRIVILEGES SET FORTH in this section, but subject to the conditions herein stated.

316.072 (5)(b)

According to s. __________, F.S. a driver operating in emergency mode may do the following: park or stand, irrespective of the provisions of this chapter

proceed past a red or stop signal, or stop sign but only after slowing down as may be necessary for safe operation

exceed the maximum speed limits so long as the driver does not endanger life or property disregard regulations governing direction or movement or turning in specified directions so long as the driver does not endanger life or property

These provisions do not relieve the law enforcement driver of a vehicle specified in ss. 316.072(5)(a)1 and 4(c), F.S. from the duty to drive with due regard for safety of all persons, nor do they protect the driver from the consequences of his or her reckless disregard for the safety of others.

stress

Responding to an emergency call causes __________, which can lead to many psychological and physiological reactions.

Tunnel vision, selective hearing, increased heart rate, time distortion, and loss of spatial awareness or fine motor skills.

What physiological effects may occur when responding to an emergency call?

DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services, 489 U.S.189 (1989),

CASE LAW

In __________, the U.S. Supreme Court stated that an officer or agency has no duty to guarantee a person's safety unless a SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP EXISTS between the police and that person.

City of Pinellas Park v. Brown, 604 So.2d 1222 (Fla. 1990)

CASE LAW

According to the Florida case, __________ law enforcement has a DUTY TO PROTECT THE PUBLIC when choosing to continue a pursuit.

Pinellas Park case

CASE LAW

Which court case involved a high speed pursuit where the fleeing driver and two sisters were killed?