greek and roman temples

where was the temple of zeus located

olympia, in the altis

material of the temple of zeus

local limestone with a thin layer of stucco

what do the metopes of the temple of zeus show

the labours of heracles

style of temple of zeus

doric

date of the temple of zeus

472-456 BC

who was the temple of zeus commissioned by

unknown

size of the temple of zeus

64.1m x 27.7m

what do the pediments show on the temple of zeus

east pediment - preperations for a chariot race between polops and oinomaos

west pediment - battle of the centaurs vs lapiths (centauromachy)

how big is the temple of zeus

13 meters

what was the statue of zeus made of

ivory and gold

what makes a metope successful?

1. create a recognisable scene

2. create realism in the scene

3. fill the space to not leave blank areas

where is the parthenon located

athens, on the acropolis

date of the parthenon

447-432 BC

who was the parthenon commissioned by

Pericles

architects of the parthenon

Pheidias (main)

Iktinos and Kallkrates (helpers)

style of the parthenon

doric with ionic features

material of the parthenon

local marble

size of the parthenon

69.5 x 30.9m (17 x 8 columns)

what happened in 480 BC

the persians attacked greece and burnt down the city including buildings on the acropolis.

what happened after the persians attacked greece

the athenians saw off the persian threat and became head of a naval alliance called the delian league.

what happened by 450 BC

the athenians had built an empire and they moved the treasury from delos to athens.

how did athens pay for the acropolis rebuild?

they used money from the treasury from their alliance.

what was shown on the metopes of the parthenon

north - trojan war

east - battle of the gods and giants

south - battle of the centaurs and lapiths

west - battle of athenians and amazons

what was shown on the pediments on the parthenon

east pediment - birth of athena

west pediment - contest of athena and poseidon

what was shown on the ionic frieze of the parthenon

the great panathenaia

how tall was the statue of athena

13 meters

what was the temple of athena made of

ivory and gold

who designed both the statues of athena and zeus

Pheidias

date of the temple of portunus

120-80 BC

materials of the temple of portunus

travertine - a form of limestone

tufa - type of stone consisting volcnic ash

stucco - white lime plaster

size of the temple of portunus

roughly 10.5x19m

where was the temple of portunus located

in the forum boarium next to the river tiber

where was the pantheon located

Campus Martius -(field of Mars) a large open space where the army would engage in general practice

what is so different about the layout of the pantheon

the front follows the usual roman plan, there are engaged and semi engaged columns at the rear of the pronous.

there is a rotunda at the rear, which was a circular space capped with an oculus which had a circular opening.

Purpose of the Pantheon

Dedicated to all the gods of ancient Rome

Architect of the Pantheon

Apollodorus of Damascus

Material of the Pantheon

Concrete with a marble facade

Size of the Pantheon

Diameter of the rotunda is equal to its height, 43.3 meters

Significance of the Oculus in the Pantheon

Allows natural light and rain to enter the building